Abstract：
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Identifying individuals at high fracture risk can be used to target those likely to derive the greatest benefit from treatment. This narrative review examines recent developments in using specific risk factors used to assess fracture risk, with a focus on publications in the last 3 years. RECENT FINDINGS:There is expanding evidence for the recognition of individual clinical risk factors and clinical use of composite scores in the general population. Unfortunately, enthusiasm is dampened by three pragmatic randomized trials that raise questions about the effectiveness of widespread population screening using clinical fracture prediction tools given suboptimal participation and adherence. There have been refinements in risk assessment in special populations: men, patients with diabetes, and secondary causes of osteoporosis. New evidence supports the value of vertebral fracture assessment (VFA), high resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT), opportunistic screening using CT, skeletal strength assessment with finite element analysis (FEA), and trabecular bone score (TBS). The last 3 years have seen important developments in the area of fracture risk assessment, both in the research setting and translation to clinical practice. The next challenge will be incorporating these advances into routine work flows that can improve the identification of high risk individuals at the population level and meaningfully impact the ongoing crisis in osteoporosis management.
journal_name
Curr Osteoporos Repjournal_title
Current osteoporosis reportsauthors
Leslie WD,Morin SNdoi
10.1007/s11914-020-00590-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-01 00:00:00pages
115-129issue
3eissn
1544-1873issn
1544-2241pii
10.1007/s11914-020-00590-7journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The musculoskeletal system is a complex organ comprised of the skeletal bones, skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, joints, and other connective tissue that physically and mechanically interact to provide animals and humans with the essential ability of locomotion. This mechanical interaction is undoubtedl...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-014-0209-0
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW:The goal of the review is to provide an updated understanding of the pathophysiology of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and treatment recommendations. RECENT FINDINGS:Glucocorticoids reduce osteoblast and osteocyte lifespan and activity and reduce the vascularity of the bone that together ma...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00498-x
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Osteocytes comprise > 95% of the cellular component in bone tissue and produce a wide range of cytokines and cellular signaling molecules in response to mechanical stimuli. In this review, we aimed to summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in the osteocyte-mediated translation of mechanical stimu...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00564-9
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low vitamin D status, which is endemic due to inadequate oral intake combined with sun avoidance, contributes to musculoskeletal and other pathologies. Although controversial, it is increasingly recommended that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) concentrations less than 30 ng/mL be considered suboptimal. Clinicians shou...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-008-0017-5
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although traditional diagnosis and treatment of renal osteodystrophy focused on changes in bone turnover, current data demonstrate that abnormalities in skeletal mineralization are also prevalent in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) and likely contribute to skeletal morbidities that continue to plague this popula...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-015-0253-4
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The goal of the review is to summarize the current knowledge on the process of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation during endochondral bone formation and its potential implications in fracture healing and disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Lineage tracing experiments confirmed the transdifferentiati...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00511-3
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past decade has seen a significant expansion of our understanding of the interaction between the neural system and bone. While innervation of bone was long appreciated, the discovery of central relays from the hypothalamus to the cells of bone has seen the identification of a number of efferent neural pathways to ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-012-0102-7
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Currently, the measurement of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is used at NASA to evaluate the effects of spaceflight on the skeletal health of astronauts. Notably, there are precipitous declines in aBMD with losses >10 % detected in the hip and spine in some astronauts following a typical 6-month mission in space. H...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-013-0136-5
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to explore the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) in the processes that underpin bone remodelling, particularly the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and its role in the development and metastasis of cancers that target the bone. RECENT FINDI...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00545-7
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The goal of this paper is to review state-of-the-art transcriptome profiling methods and their recent applications in the field of skeletal biology. RECENT FINDINGS:Next-generation sequencing of mRNA (RNA-seq) methods have been established and routinely used in skeletal biology research. RNA-seq has ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00517-x
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microcrack accumulation in cortical bone has been implicated in skeletal fragility and stress fractures. These cracks have also been shown to affect the mechanical and material properties of cortical bone. Their growth has been linked to osteocyte apoptosis and the initiation of the remodeling process, which also has ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-005-0002-1
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Authors review the safety and efficacy of romosozumab for the treatment of osteoporosis as demonstrated in three phase III clinical trials and offer insights into the potential cardiovascular risk associated with its use. RECENT FINDINGS:Incidence of new vertebral fracture is dramatically reduced wit...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00652-w
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Intercellular communication within the bone microenvironment is critical for the maintenance of normal bone structure. Osteoblast-lineage cells at all stages of differentiation, from pluripotent precursors to matrix-embedded osteocytes, produce regulatory factors that modulate the differentiation and activity of both ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-012-0096-1
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D, acting through its active metabolite 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), exerts its influence on many physiologic processes in addition to the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. These processes include the immune system. Both the adaptive and innate immune systems are affected by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and its receptor...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11914-009-0011-6
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the population with HIV continues to age, specialists in HIV care are increasingly encountering chronic health conditions, which now include osteoporosis, osteopenia, and fragility fractures. The pathophysiology of the bone effects of HIV infection is complex and includes traditional risk factors for bone loss as w...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-012-0125-0
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding of osteoclast formation and activation has advanced considerably since the discovery of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in the mid 1990s. Osteoblasts and stromal stem cells express receptor activator of NF-jB ligand (RANKL), which binds to its receptor, RANK, on the surface of osteoclasts and their precursors....
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11914-007-0024-y
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many orthobiologic adjuvants are available and widely utilized for general skeletal restoration. Their use for the specific task of osteoporotic fracture augmentation is less well recognized. Common conductive materials are reviewed for their value in this patient population including the large group of allograft adju...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-014-0249-5
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteocytes, the most abundant cell type in bone, remain the least characterized. Several theories have been proposed regarding their function, including osteolysis, sensing the strains produced in response to mechanical loading of bones, and producing signals that affect the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-007-0007-z
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium is the dominant mineral in bone and is a shortfall nutrient in the diet. For those consuming inadequate dietary calcium, calcium supplements have been a standard strategy for prevention of osteoporosis. Recently, calcium supplementation has been linked to both increased and decreased cardiovascular disease ris...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-014-0208-1
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Here, we overview the latest findings from studies investigating the skeletal endocannabinoid (EC) system and its involvement in bone formation and resorption. RECENT FINDINGS:The endocannabinoid system consists of endogenous ligands, receptors, and enzymes. The main cannabinoids found in the cannabi...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00607-1
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize reports published since the 2013 American Society of Bone and Mineral Research Task Force Report on atypical femoral fractures (AFF). RECENT FINDINGS:The absolute incidence of AFFs remains low. AFFs are primarily associated with prolonged bisphosphonate (BP) exposure, but have also been ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0464-6
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this review was to compile a list of tools currently available to study bone cells and in particular osteocytes. As the interest (and importance) in osteocyte biology has greatly expanded over the past decade, new tools and techniques have become available to study these elusive cells, RECE...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00613-3
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review critiques the ability of CT-based methods to predict incident hip and vertebral fractures. RECENT FINDINGS:CT-based techniques with concurrent calibration all show strong associations with incident hip and vertebral fracture, predicting hip and vertebral fractures as well as, and sometime...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0450-z
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caloric restriction caused by undernutrition or over-exercise is increasingly common and has significant health consequences such as hypothalamic amenorrhea, infertility, attainment of low peak bone mass, and bone loss leading to fracture. In these patients, the pathophysiology of amenorrhea and bone loss is multifact...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-007-0011-3
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To identify the use of carbon nanomaterials in bone regeneration and present new data on the regenerative capacity of bone tissue in osteopenic rats treated with graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). RECENT FINDINGS:The results show that the physical and chemical properties of the nanomaterials are suitable f...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0476-2
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A prior fracture is a well-documented risk factor for a subsequent fracture and it doubles the risk of subsequent fractures. Few studies have investigated the time that elapses between the initial and subsequent fracture. These studies show that the subsequent fracture risk is not constant, but fluctuates over time. T...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-010-0023-2
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aims of this review are to summarize current performance for osteoporosis quality measures used by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) for pay-for-performance programs and to describe recent quality improvement strategies around these measures. RECENT FINDINGS:Healthcare Effectiveness Data an...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00547-5
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Denosumab is an inhibitor of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and has emerged as an important novel therapy for skeletal disorders. This article examines the use of denosumab in children. RECENT FINDINGS:Considerable safety and efficacy data exists for denosumab treatment ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-017-0380-1
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis is characterized by the occurrence of a host of fractures. According to densitometric values, an operational definition for osteoporosis corresponds to a loss of 25% to 30% (-2.5 T-scores) compared with the mean values of bone mineral density of young premenopausal women. For years, research tried to deve...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11914-010-0024-1
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The postmenopausal state is the most common underlying cause for osteoporosis and most of our understanding of the condition relates to this group. Recent evidence has suggested that hormone therapy may no longer have the pre-eminent place it once held but the same studies have also confirmed its antifracture efficacy...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-004-0018-y
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
