Abstract：
:The transition from maternal to zygotic gene expression in the mouse occurs in the 2-cell embryo. Previous studies in which DNA was injected into 2-cell embryos revealed that transcription promoters and origins of DNA replication are strongly repressed in cleavage stage embryos unless linked to an embryo-responsive enhancer. Repression also occurs when DNA is injected into the paternal pronucleus of a 1-cell embryo and the injected embryo subsequently undergoes mitosis, except that repression is no longer relieved by enhancers. Here we extend this observation to maternal pronuclei in 1-cell embryos and show that this repression could not be relieved either by linking the promoter to an embryo-responsive enhancer or by inducing hyperacetylation of chromatin inorder to increase its accessibility to transcription factors. However, repression could be relieved by transplanting the injected pronucleus to a 2-cell embryo, even when the recipient cell subsequently underwent mitosis. Both the extent of promoter repression and the ability of enhancers to stimulate promoter activity increased as development proceeded from the early 2-cell stage to the 4-cell stage. Once repression was established in late 2-cell embryos, transplanting an injected 2-cell embryo nucleus back to an early 1-cell embryo failed to restore activity to the injected promoter, even when it was linked to an enhancer. These and other data demonstrate that cytoplasmic factors appear during formation of a 2-cell embryo that can repress promoter activity and activate enhancer activity. These factors are absent from the paternal pronucleus and cytoplasm of early (S-phase arrested) 1-cell embryos. Moreover, the cytoplasm of early 1-cell embryos appears to lack the ability to reprogram expression of genes once they have progressed to the late 2-cell stage in mouse development.
journal_name
Dev Bioljournal_title
Developmental biologyauthors
Henery CC,Miranda M,Wiekowski M,Wilmut I,DePamphilis MLdoi
10.1006/dbio.1995.1160subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-06-01 00:00:00pages
448-60issue
2eissn
0012-1606issn
1095-564Xpii
S0012-1606(85)71160-8journal_volume
169pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:To understand cell interactions during induction of skin appendages, we studied the roles of adhesion molecules N-CAM, tenascin, integrin, and fibronectin during feather development. Tenascin appeared in a periodic pattern on epithelia and was so far the earliest molecule detected in placodes. Three placode domains we...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Developmental biology
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更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2005-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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