Abstract：
:In addition to a clear genetic disposition, environmental factors and viral infections are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as type I diabetes or multiple sclerosis (MS). This article will explore, by use of paradigms developed in a transgenic mouse model, why it has been so difficult to prove a causative association between viral infections and autoimmunity. Potential pathogenetic mechanisms and their impact on devising the best strategy to prove such an association will be discussed. These thoughts might also be important for applying new immune interventions in type I diabetes or MS.
journal_name
J Neuroimmunoljournal_title
Journal of neuroimmunologyauthors
von Herrath MGdoi
10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00227-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-07-24 00:00:00pages
154-60issue
2eissn
0165-5728issn
1872-8421pii
S0165572800002277journal_volume
107pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Anti-galactocerebroside (GalC) antibodies are reported to be present in GBS patients with preceding Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection. We investigated the presence of anti-GalC reactivity in serum of a large group of GBS patients using ELISA and compared this with healthy controls and individuals with an uncomplica...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00209-6
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family (BAFF) is an essential B-cell survival factor. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is one of the most typical antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders. To test whether serum BAFF levels are increased in MG patients, we compared the serum BAFF levels of 40 MG patien...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.05.010
更新日期：2008-08-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were randomized, in a double blind design, and placed into either a vitamin D supplemented group or a placebo control group. As expected, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels increased significantly following 6 month vitamin D supplementation (17+/-6 ng/ml at baseline to 28+/-8 ng/ml at 6 ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00396-x
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The myelin basic protein (MBP)-like material (MBPLM) in human urine is expressed in a cryptic epitope(s) present in MBP peptide 80-89 and absent or inaccessible in intact MBP. These features of urinary MBPLM have made it difficult to produce reagents for its further characterization. Using an immunogen of keyhole limp...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(94)90162-7
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about the involvement of cytokines in the pathogenesis of primary progressive (PP) multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated in this cross-sectional study whether IL-18, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-4, TGF-beta, IL-12Rbeta1, and IL-12Rbeta2 mRNA expression in unstimulated white blood...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00398-8
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rat thymocytes incubated in RPMI medium for 120-300 min release a soluble factor of molecular weight below 10,000 Da which inhibits the binding of 3H-labeled muscarinic antagonists in an uncompetitive manner, i.e. it reduces maximal specific binding (Bmax) without changing the affinity of the ligand (KD). This factor ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(88)90119-1
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the impact of brain MRI findings and oligoclonal IgG bands (OCBs) on conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) in 26 Japanese patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). 19.2% had OCBs positivity and 3.8% had fulfillment of Barkhof criteria at baseline. 60.0% of CIS patients with p...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.03.010
更新日期：2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are not only essential for energy production, but they also exhibit a range of immunomodulatory properties that progress through T cell mediated events. Autoimmunity may have a pathogenic role in a subgroup of autistic children. This study is the first to investigate the relationshi...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.01.009
更新日期：2015-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebellar ataxia is one of the most frequent syndromes associated with autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-ab). Antibodies recognize the isoform GAD65, which is the standard biomarker, but additional immunoreactivity against GAD67 is found in high proportion of patients with GAD-ab-associated neur...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.09.019
更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we aimed to investigate whether treatment with an immune modulatory drug had an effect on the distribution of B cell subpopulations in patients with remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We investigated the first-line drugs glatiramer acetate, interferon-β and natalizumab. Our data show that the...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.04.008
更新日期：2014-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The localization of dopamine stores and the expression and localization of vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) type-1 and 2 and of dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptor subtypes were investigated in rat thymus and spleen by immunohistochemical, immunochemical techniques and by RT-PCR. In the thymus dopamine immunor...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.09.018
更新日期：2009-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:To clarify the origin and function of the microglia residing in the central nervous system, we cloned brain cells from newborn and adult mice in soft agar containing the macrophage-specific growth factor, colony-stimulating factor-1 and expanded the cells from individual colonies in liquid culture medium. The results ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(92)90071-r
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although multiple sclerosis is predominantly regarded as a disease of young adulthood, up to 5% of MS patients are diagnosed prior to age eighteen. The predominant form of MS is relapsing-remitting characterized by exacerbations of symptoms followed by periods of remission. The majority of disease modifying drugs targ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.04.015
更新日期：2016-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Only few reports are available on the epitope specificity of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study we provide a precise characterization of the epitope specificity of serum antibodies directed against the extracellular domain of MOG, including IgG, I...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.01.012
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), genetic susceptibility in multiple sclerosis (MS) appears to be influenced by other loci. A recent study has identified a population association with an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region polymorphism in the VH2-B5 family, with both familial and sporad...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(93)90270-9
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated whether the sensory neuropeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), could be synthesised by human lymphocytes. Our results indicate that in activated B-cells, there is a strong expression of CGRP gene transcripts, which is almost absent in resting cells. Since B-cells autocrinally produce NGF, th...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00475-1
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Th1-like cytokines, interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and lymphotoxin alpha (LT-alpha) have been implicated in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of immune mediated demyelination. These cytokines have been associate...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00008-3
更新日期：1998-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The two chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and gamma-interferon inducible protein (IP)-10, are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). We measured MCP-1 and IP-10 levels in serum and CSF samples from 38 acute and 25 stable MS patients and from 40 controls. The latter co...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00261-2
更新日期：2001-04-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of interleukin-17 (IL-17) on production of nitric oxide (NO) in rodent astrocytes was investigated. While IL-17 by itself did not induce NO production, it caused a dose-dependent enhancement of IFN-gamma-triggered NO synthesis in both mouse and rat primary astrocytes. In contrast, IL-17 was unable to stimul...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00391-5
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the contribution of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to cerebral edema formation in bacterial meningitis, we used a VEGF neutralizing antibody to block VEGF in rabbits, following induction of meningitis by intracisternal inoculation with 10(9) heat-killed pneumococci. At 8 h, cerebrospinal fluid ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.11.013
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following axotomy of the facial nerve microglial cells in the facial nucleus become activated, proliferate, and newly express class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Dexamethasone treatment, starting 2 days prior to axotomy at 1 mg/kg/day, selectively inhibited axotomy-induced MHC class I...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(91)90119-r
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression of apoptosis (caspase 3, Bcl-2) and survival (HSP 70, antioxidant CuZn-SOD) proteins in intestinal lymphocytes (IL) of mice after repeated exercise stress. Plasma corticosterone concentration was greater than twofold higher immediately after exercise compare...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.04.012
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed the characteristics of 29 Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients with IgM anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibodies. Fourteen of them had had an antecedent cytomegalovirus infection (CMV group) and 12 gastrointestinal infection (G-I group). Most of the G-I group patients (nine of 12) were subsequent to Campylobacter jej...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00451-3
更新日期：2001-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting the peripheral nervous system. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that play critical roles in the process of various diseases. The miRNAs in GBS were less studied. In this study, using microarray technology, we foun...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.10.014
更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism behind the association between MHC genes and myasthenia gravis (MG) is not fully understood. In the present study we studied the associations with polymorphisms at HLA-DR3, HLA-B8 and TNF-alpha genes in Swedish patients and healthy individuals. The TNF-alpha-308 allele 2 was associated with female patien...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00253-7
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A systematic study of thymus homogenates and cell suspensions from 13 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) of recent onset, and 6 non-myasthenic controls, has failed to detect or isolate virus by cell culture with 'rescue techniques', electron microscopy, or intracerebral inoculation into neonatal mice. These results ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(86)90082-2
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of CD8⁺ T cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is still unclear. We describe here significantly reduced disease activity of EAE both in Lewis rats depleted of CD8⁺ T cells by monoclonal antibodies and CD8 knockout rats, which was accompanied by reduced leukocyte...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.04.014
更新日期：2013-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:High titer antibodies primarily of the IgG class were produced against galactocerebroside (GalC) by including keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and supplemental M. tuberculosis in the adjuvant mixture used for immunization of rabbits. Antibody titers were determined by an ELISA in which microtiter wells were coated with...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(87)90019-1
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunofluorescence studies of sural nerve demonstrated immune reactive C3d and IgM on the surface of myelin sheaths in seven patients with neuropathy and an anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) IgM M-protein. Similar deposits of C3d and sometimes IgM were found in four of six patients with acute or chronic inflam...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(88)90101-4
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antisera raised to the astrocyte intermediate filament structural protein stained elements in the peripheral nerves of several species. These elements were not associated with myelinated nerve fibers, were more common in splenic and vagus nerves than in the sciatic nerve, and persisted after nerve transection. In teas...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(85)80070-9
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
