Abstract:
:The application of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the simultaneous quantitation of seven commonly encountered urinary benzodiazepine metabolites is described. After comparison of the signal-to-noise ratios of high mass ions of benzodiazepines using electron impact (EI), positive chemical ionization (PCI), and negative chemical ionization (NCI), NCI was chosen because of its increased sensitivity, which ranged from four to several thousand times that of either PCI or EI. This method is novel because NCI spectra for many of these compounds have not been described. For quantitation of benzodiazepines in urine, sample preparation consisted of enzymatic hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction, and reaction with a silylating reagent to form trimethylsilyl derivatives. The extraction efficiency of the method was greater than 70% (range, 73-89%) for nordiazepam, oxazepam, temazepam, lorazepam, N-1-hydroxyethylflurazepam, alpha-hydroxyal-prazolam, and alpha-hydroxytriazolam; the linear range for these compounds was from 50 to 2000 ng/mL. Within-run precision was less than 6% for all analytes in the range 50-2000 ng/mL; however, run-to-run precision ranged from 3 to 21%, depending on the analyte and concentration. Quantitation was based on area ratio of high mass ions relative to deuterated internal standards, acquired by scanning the mass range from m/z 250 to 450. Because these studies were performed in the scan mode, if desired, the sensitivity could be increased by using selected ion monitoring.
journal_name
J Anal Toxicoljournal_title
Journal of analytical toxicologyauthors
Fitzgerald RL,Rexin DA,Herold DAdoi
10.1093/jat/17.6.342subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-10-01 00:00:00pages
342-7issue
6eissn
0146-4760issn
1945-2403journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) procedure for rapid concentration of methadone and its primary metabolite (EDDP) in hair samples was developed. The miniaturized approach coupled to gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) was successfully validated. Hair samples (50 mg) were incubated wit...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa040
更新日期:2020-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::An automated column-switching liquid chromatographic-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometric (LC-APCI-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of frequently encountered benzodiazepine hypnotics and their relevant metabolites in urine has been established. A column-switching online solid-phase ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/26.2.87
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxymorphone (OM), a prescription opioid and metabolite of oxycodone, was included in the recently published proposed revisions to the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs. To facilitate toxicological interpretation, this study characterized the time course of OM and its metabolite, noroxymo...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkw064
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic transformation of zearalenone (ZEA), a mycotoxin which can contaminate both food and feed, results in the formation of five metabolites, one of them being zeranol (α-ZAL), which can be abused in farm animals as a growth promoter. To the best of our knowledge, there is no analytical method that can distinguis...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bky069
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A suicide caused by oral ingestion of colchicine is reported. Postmortem examination revealed circulating Pelger-Huet polymorphonuclear leukocytes and numerous mitotic and chromatin bodies in tissues with rapid cell turnover. Colchicine was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of an organic extra...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/15.3.151
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::About 22,000 samples of oral fluid have been collected in five population studies in Norway using either the Intercept or Statsure oral fluid sampling devices. The prevalence of alcohol and drugs was found to be higher in oral fluid samples with small volumes than in those with large volumes for both sampling devices;...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/34.7.416
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A group of 16 volatile substances (ethyl acetate, 2-propanol, 1-propanol, methanol, acetone, ethanol, acetaldehyde, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-pentanol) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed through a method develo...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa154
更新日期:2020-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::Confirmation of drugs of abuse by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is the most time-consuming process used by drug-testing laboratories. Cost effectiveness and competitive turnaround times for testing results demand fast, efficient, and reliable extraction methods. We applied the Cerex Polycrom-THC solid-p...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/24.4.245
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because mycotoxins occur worldwide in grain and grain products, evaluating their effects on the health of the population has become important. The development of a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure was investigated for the analysis of aflatoxin B1, citrinin, and ochratoxin A, from hydrolyzed hum...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/10.2.41
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes a matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for rapid screening of 12 diuretics in spiked urine. C60 is used as the matrix for MALDI. Diuretics are directly analyzed by C60-MALDI without previous derivatization. The fact that most diuretic molecules contain sulfate grou...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/23.5.337
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The synthetic chemical 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) has been shown to be a bladder carcinogen in both man and animals. A valid radioimmunoassay for a metabolite of 4-ABP has been developed as a means to monitor potential human exposure to 4-ABP. The antibody was produced by the immunization of two female New Zealand White ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/4.2.86
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An assay for neurotoxic esterase (neuropathy target esterase, NTE) was developed by Johnson (1,2) to assess the delayed neurotoxic potential of organophosphorus compounds. NTE activity is calculated from the rate of phenyl valerate hydrolysis resistant to paraoxon and sensitive to mipafox inhibition under specified co...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/15.2.86
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The percent recovery of mercury from human hair digest samples, using the peak height cold-vapor atomic adsorption method is 73.0% +/- 10.3%. This value and its reproducibility are raised to 102.2% +/- 6.3% by use of peak area measurements in place of peak height. The so-called matrix effect is thus eliminated, and it...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/5.1.52
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed drug with its main source found in coffee. We evaluated the caffeine content of caffeinated and decaffeinated specialty coffee samples obtained from coffee shops. Caffeine was isolated from the coffee by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography with nitro...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/27.7.520
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive and robust ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the quantification of acetaminophen, dexchlorpheniramine, caffeine, cotinine and salicylic acid in postmortem blood samples from children younger than 4 years. The sample was prepare...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkx089
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 25 mg oral dose of cocaine HCl given to a single volunteer resulted in a peak urinary cocaine concentration of 269 ng/mL at 1 h, and a peak benzoylecgonine concentration of 7,940 ng/mL at 12 h. Urine benzoylecgonine concentrations remained in excess of 300 ng/mL for 48 h. We conclude that small, oral doses of cocain...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/11.2.81
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between blood cocaine concentrations and pharmacological effects is of both theoretical and practical interest. This study utilized a computer-assisted smoking device for the delivery of three active doses (10, 20, and 40 mg) of cocaine base to seven human volunteers. Doses were administered in an asc...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/26.7.382
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is one of the most important modifiable risk factor causing cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, non-adherence to antihypertensive medications is frequently observed in hypertensive patients and can lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Until recently, there was no robust clinical method to ob...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa192
更新日期:2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::A method for the simultaneous extraction of the hallucinogens psilocin, bufotenine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as well as iso-LSD, nor-LSD and O-H-LSD from hair with hydrochloride acid and methanol is presented. Clean-up of the hair extracts is performed with solid phase extraction using a mixed-mode cation exch...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku141
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present data from the analysis of the alcohol content of 391 beers and malt beverages available for sale in the State of Washington. The beverages were tested by gas chromatography for their alcohol content. Considerable variability in the alcoholic strength was found, even within the same class. Overall, the range...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/24.3.202
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gas chromatographic methods have been developed using a Supelco 1240-DA column for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in plasma and urine samples, and phenol in urine samples. These methods required no derivatization. Electron capture detection has been used for PCP determination, while flame ionization dete...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/6.6.297
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caffeine is the most widely consumed drug in the world with coffee representing a major source of intake. Despite widespread availability, various medical conditions necessitate caffeine-restricted diets. Patients on certain prescription medications are advised to discontinue caffeine intake. Such admonition has impli...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/30.8.611
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 24-year-old man known to consume illegal drugs was found dead in his apartment. A reclosable plastic zipper bag containing several hundred milligrams of a brown powder was found close to the dead body and the first assumption of the investigators was death due to heroin intoxication. Therefore, a legal autopsy was o...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkw096
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid, specific and quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography assay procedure is described for the determination of ICI 125, 211, (I), a guanidino-thiazole H2-receptor antagonist, in small samples of animal plasma. A 0.2 mL aliquot of plasma is extracted at pH 9 with ethyl acetate. After reconstitution in ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/4.5.244
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitreous humor is a fluid contained in the eye that is largely composed of water. The advantages of vitreous humor as a specimen for postmortem drug analysis include its relatively low susceptibility to contamination and the ability to analyze vitreous humor with little or no pretreatment. The postmortem analysis of e...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/31.8.537
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many reasons, forensic toxicologists are being asked to determine and report their measurement uncertainty in blood alcohol analysis. While understood conceptually, the elements and computations involved in determining measurement uncertainty are generally foreign to most forensic toxicologists. Several establishe...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bks012
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cotinine biomarker measurements involving both smokers and nonsmokers must accommodate a broad range of concentrations. Thus, we have routinely preclassified unknown samples as being either "high" or "low" by using an enzyme-linked immunoassay for cotinine prior to analysis by tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Although t...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/29.8.814
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six separate methods to detect oxidants in urine were developed. The presence of the oxidants was established by initial oxidation of ferrous to ferric ion and detecting the ferric by chromogenic oxidation or complex formation. The reagents for chromogenic oxidation were N,N-dimethylamoino-1,4-phenylenediamine (DMPDA)...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/28.7.599
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a psychoactive, synthetic analog of the central nervous system stimulant cathinone. Its recent popularity as a recreational drug in the United States has led to numerous reports to poison control centers across the country. As with other synthetic cathinones, the recreational u...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkt001
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comprehensive investigation is necessary for determining the cause of death in cases with positive drug screens. We investigated the case of a male who reportedly expired from an acute asthma attack. He had limited access to both therapeutic drugs and drugs of abuse because he was a state prisoner. His autopsy was rem...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/19.6.522
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00