Abstract:
:Oxymorphone (OM), a prescription opioid and metabolite of oxycodone, was included in the recently published proposed revisions to the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs. To facilitate toxicological interpretation, this study characterized the time course of OM and its metabolite, noroxymorphone (NOM), in hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed urine specimens. Twelve healthy subjects were administered a single 10 mg controlled-release OM dose, followed by a periodic collection of pooled urine specimens for 54 h following administration. Analysis for free and total OM and NOM was conducted by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS), at a 50 ng/mL limit of quantitation (LOQ). Following enzymatic hydrolysis, OM and NOM were detected in 89.9% and 13.5% specimens, respectively. Without hydrolysis, OM was detected in 8.1% specimens, and NOM was not detected. The mean ratio of hydrolyzed OM to NOM was 41.6. OM was frequently detected in the first pooled collection 0-2 h post-dose, appearing at a mean of 2.4 h. NOM appeared at a mean of 8.3 h. The period of detection at the 50 ng/mL threshold averaged 50.7 h for OM and 11.0 h for NOM. These data support that OM analysis conducted using a 50 ng/mL threshold should include hydrolysis or optimize sensitivity for conjugated OM.
journal_name
J Anal Toxicoljournal_title
Journal of analytical toxicologyauthors
DePriest AZ,Heltsley R,Black DL,Mitchell JM,LoDico C,Flegel R,Cone EJdoi
10.1093/jat/bkw064subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-10-01 00:00:00pages
566-574issue
8eissn
0146-4760issn
1945-2403pii
bkw064journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The relationship between blood cocaine concentrations and pharmacological effects is of both theoretical and practical interest. This study utilized a computer-assisted smoking device for the delivery of three active doses (10, 20, and 40 mg) of cocaine base to seven human volunteers. Doses were administered in an asc...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/26.7.382
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reports the impact of diuresis on urinary excretion of ethanol in seven healthy volunteers who drank 1000 mL of export beer (44 g ethanol) in 30 min and, 120 min later, ingested 500 or 1000 mL of water within 5 min. Urine was voided before drinking started and every 30-60 min for 360 min after the start o...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/23.7.565
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decomposed bone and plasma samples of rats exposed to amitriptyline (AMI) and citalopram (CIT) under different dosing patterns were analyzed. Wistar rats received one acute dose (120 mg AMI/kg and 40 mg CIT/kg; n = 5) or two doses (40 mg AMI/kg and 13 mg CIT/kg, n = 5) 40 min apart. After collection of perimortem bloo...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkt078
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urine drug testing (UDT) is an emerging standard of care in the evaluation and treatment of chronic non-cancer pain patients with opioid analgesics. UDT may be used both to verify adherence with the opioid analgesic regimen and to monitor abstinence from non-prescribed or illicit controlled substances. In the former s...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bku109
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixteen apparently intact procainamide tablets, in varied stages of drug depletion, were found distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract of a man who died of arteriosclerotic heart disease with pulmonary complications. The tablets were found to contain procainamide by a thin layer chromatography system with ca...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/8.5.244
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In December 2019, unusual cases of acute renal failure with neurological changes were observed in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Criminal investigations indicated cases of intoxication after consumption of beers contaminated with diethylene glycol (DEG). The elimination of DEG by the body is fast, but its metaboli...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa187
更新日期:2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Feces are a possible medium to be used for horse doping control. Efficient methods for detecting drugs in feces collected from various animals are routinely applied in institutes of food safety in Belgium. We have already tested whether they are applicable to horse feces. In this report, accelerated solvent extraction...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/30.5.323
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 5-mg dose of cocaine free base applied to the volar forearm skin surface of a volunteer resulted in a maximal urinary benzoylecgonine concentration of 55 ng/mL at 48 h, using discrete urine specimens. A total of 58 micrograms of benzoylecgonine, representing 1.2% of the dose, was excreted in the 96-h urine. An ident...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/14.6.383
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a case of fatal overdosage due to an accidental massive administration (750 mg instead of 170 mg) of cisplatin, an anticancer agent, to a 63-year-old patient suffering from lymphoma. Platinum was measured in various postmortem samples by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Heart ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/28.2.138
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of 26 benzodiazepines and metabolites, zolpidem and zopiclone, in blood, urine, and hair. Drugs were extracted from all matrices by liquid-liquid extraction with 1-chlorobutane. Chromatography was achieved using a...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/29.7.616
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method for the rapid quantitation of atropine (AT) in blood is presented. A 2.0-mL blood specimen containing deuterated N-methyl-atropine as the internal standard was alkaline-hydrolyzed to convert atropine to tropine. The tropine was extracted by organic solvent which ...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/13.5.296
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the relationships between the concentrations of R/S-methamphetamine (MA) and its metabolite R/S-amphetamine (AP), the AP/MA ratio in hair samples, and MA dependence were investigated by performing segmental hair analysis in MA users. Authentic hair samples collected from 10 chronic MA abusers were cut i...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkz089
更新日期:2020-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic cathinones have recently emerged as a substitute for common drugs of abuse. Synthetic cathinones can elicit powerful adverse effects such as delusions, hallucinations and potentially dangerous behavior. To develop a method to analyze 10 synthetic cathinones in oral fluid, we implemented a combined approach o...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkt080
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The List of Prohibited Substances and Methods (the List), an International Standard published yearly by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), determines which substances and methods are prohibited in sport in- and out-of-competition. Stimulants are included within drug class S.6 under the in-competition testing sectio...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/anatox/35.9.613
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) procedure has been developed for the main metabolites of organophosphorus nerve agents, alkylmethylphosphonic acids (AMPAs; alkyl = Et, i-Pr, and pinacolyl) in biofluids via extractive pentafluorobenzylation. The derivatization was carried out under liquid-liquid-s...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/23.2.86
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clonazepam, nitrazepam and flunitrazepam are frequently used benzodiazepines, both as prescribed medication and as drugs of abuse. Little is, however, known about how these drugs are excreted in oral fluid. It has been claimed that the parent drugs are more likely to be detected in oral fluid than the 7-amino metaboli...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bkw020
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an effort to determine a practical, efficient, and economical alternative for the use of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine, the performance of two photometric immunoassays (Dade Behring EMIT II and Microgenics CEDIA) and the Diagnostics Products Corp. (DPC...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/26.7.519
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Percutaneous vapor dosing studies have generally used saturated vapor concentration (SVC) measurements to estimate the exposure dose (Ct) of vapor produced from a volatile liquid within a closed system. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the assumption was valid when translated to a biological system (pi...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/30.3.165
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A selected ion monitoring gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method for the quantitative determination of benzene in air, breath, and blood was developed utilizing a headspace assay with benzene-d3 as an internal standard. Limits of detection for 2 ng/mL in blood and 0.1 ppb in a 5-L sample of air or breath were a...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/10.6.225
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work was aimed at developing and validating a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-ion trap-tandem mass spectrometric method for identification and quantification of ethyl glucuronide (ETG) and ethyl sulfate (ETS) as ethanol biomarkers and at employing this method for analy...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/34.5.261
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the increased availability of nitrite-containing commercial products that are used for the adulteration of urine samples in the workplace, it is necessary for laboratories to be able to detect and confirm the presence of nitrite in these samples. We have developed a method to confirm the presence of nitrite in ur...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/23.3.137
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the end of 2010, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) used its emergency scheduling authority to temporarily control five chemicals, JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-200, CP-47497, and cannabicyclohexanol (CP-47497 C8), often referred to as "Spice", K2, or "synthetic cannabinoids" because of their reported cannabis-...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/anatox/35.7.424
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of eight frequently used benzodiazepines and some of their metabolites in postmortem samples. The method includes a liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane-ethyl acetate (70:30, v/v), gradient elution of a C8 reversed-phas...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/19.1.35
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In preparation for a treatment program concerning the medical coprescription of heroin and methadone to treatment-resistant addicts in the Netherlands, we studied a novel strategy for monitoring co-use of illicit (nonprescribed) heroin. A deuterated analogue of heroin was added (1:20) to pharmaceutical, smokable heroi...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/29.6.564
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fentanyl is a potent, short-acting narcotic analgesic widely used as a surgical anesthetic and for the control of pain when administered in the form of a transdermal patch. The success of the patch can be attributed to fentanyl's low molecular weight and its highly lipophilic nature, which enables it to be readily abs...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/24.7.627
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caffeine is the most widely consumed drug in the world with coffee representing a major source of intake. Despite widespread availability, various medical conditions necessitate caffeine-restricted diets. Patients on certain prescription medications are advised to discontinue caffeine intake. Such admonition has impli...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/30.8.611
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two cases of death following the ingestion of tranylcypromine are presented. High concentrations of tranylcypromine were determined in blood, urine, and liver by gas-liquid chromatography. Tranylcypromine was extracted from buffered blood with n-butyl chloride. The evaporated extract was derivatized with trifluoroacet...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/15.1.38
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urine specimens containing 11 common beta blockers were processed using solid-phase extraction technology to extract the drugs from the urine matrix, then converted to their cyclic methaneboronates by treatment with methaneboronic acid in ethyl acetate. The compounds tested included acebutolol, atenolol, alprenolol, b...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/22.2.135
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple isocratic HPLC procedure for the analysis of cocaine in plasma, with or without an internal standard, is described for the first time. Basified plasma was extracted in ether, re-extracted in acetic acid, which was subsequently basified prior to the final extraction in n-hexane. The hexane extract was evaporat...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/4.6.305
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In cases of death by inert gas asphyxiation, it can be difficult to obtain toxicological evidence supporting assignment of a cause of death. Because of its low mass and high diffusivity, and its common use as a carrier gas, helium presents a particular challenge in this respect. We describe a rapid and simple gas chro...
journal_title:Journal of analytical toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jat/bks002
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00