IFN-γ signals a changing of the guards.

abstract：:Commensal microbiota confers a goldilocks state of alertness to pathogens, yet restrains deleterious inflammation. In this issue of Immunity, Geuking et al. (2011) demonstrate that a minimal bacterial community of the Schaedler flora establishes a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory T cells in the gut. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Rudensky AY,Chervonsky AV

更新日期：2011-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Foxp3(+) Treg cells express transcription factors normally expressed by specific T helper cells at sites of inflammation. In this issue of Immunity, Koch et al. (2012) and Hall et al. (2012) demonstrate that IFN-γ and IL-27 distinctly induces T-bet(+) Treg cells via STAT-1 transcription factor activation. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Ohkura N,Sakaguchi S

更新日期：2012-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:La Crosse virus (LACV), a zoonotic Bunyavirus, is a major cause of pediatric viral encephalitis in the United States. A hallmark of neurological diseases caused by LACV and other encephalitic viruses is the induction of neuronal cell death. Innate immune responses have been implicated in neuronal damage, but no mechan...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Mukherjee P,Woods TA,Moore RA,Peterson KE

更新日期：2013-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Immunity, Curotto de Lafaille et al. (2008) show that adaptive T regulatory cells control airway inflammation and that it is when they are generated that determines whether they function during acute or chronic inflammation. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Ziegler SF

更新日期：2008-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:To establish whether the widely expressed regulator of Src family kinases Csk contributes to the control of acute inflammation in vivo, we inactivated csk in granulocytes by conditional mutagenesis (Cre/loxP). Mutant mice (Csk-GEcre) developed acute multifocal inflammation in skin and lung. Animals were protected from...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Thomas RM,Schmedt C,Novelli M,Choi BK,Skok J,Tarakhovsky A,Roes J

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In allergic patients, small amounts of allergen activate mast cells and trigger an immune cascade that can result in anaphylactic shock. In a recent issue of Science, Choi et al. (2018) show that dendritic cells sample the lumen of blood vessels and use microvesicles to trigger mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis....

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Sallis BF,Fiebiger E

更新日期：2018-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, first emerged in late 2019 in China. It has since infected more than 870,000 individuals and caused more than 43,000 deaths globally. Here, we discuss therapeutic and prophylactic interventions for SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on vaccine development and its challenges. Vaccines are...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Amanat F,Krammer F

更新日期：2020-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the specificity of cytokine signals in hematopoietic differentiation, we generated mice with a targeted mutation of their G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) such that the cytoplasmic (signaling) domain of the G-CSFR is replaced with the cytoplasmic domain of the erythropoietin receptor. In homozygous mutant mice, ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Semerad CL,Poursine-Laurent J,Liu F,Link DC

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TCR transgenic mice that express a peptide antigen in keratinocytes develop a lethal CD8 T cell-dependent autoimmune disease. We employed an adoptive transfer system to understand this disease and show that transfer of low numbers of naive CD8 T cells into peptide transgenic mice caused chronic skin disease. The antig...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Mayerova D,Parke EA,Bursch LS,Odumade OA,Hogquist KA

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:microRNA-155 (miR-155) is expressed by cells of the immune system after activation and has been shown to be required for antibody production after vaccination with attenuated Salmonella. Here we show the intrinsic requirement for miR-155 in B cell responses to thymus-dependent and -independent antigens. B cells lackin...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Vigorito E,Perks KL,Abreu-Goodger C,Bunting S,Xiang Z,Kohlhaas S,Das PP,Miska EA,Rodriguez A,Bradley A,Smith KG,Rada C,Enright AJ,Toellner KM,Maclennan IC,Turner M

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conserved molecular patterns derived from pathogenic microorganisms prime antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DC) to induce adaptive T cell responses. In contrast, virus-infected or tumor cells that express low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I activate natural killer (NK) cells for direct killi...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Mocikat R,Braumüller H,Gumy A,Egeter O,Ziegler H,Reusch U,Bubeck A,Louis J,Mailhammer R,Riethmüller G,Koszinowski U,Röcken M

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during T cell activation and serve a signaling function but can also be damaging. In this issue of Immunity, Zhang et al. (2016) show that miR-23a prevents ROS-elicited necrosis by suppressing cyclophilin D (PPIF), a regulator of ROS escape from mitochondria. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Agudo J,Brown BD

更新日期：2016-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:What causes slow wound healing rates in diabetes is poorly understood. Wong et al. (2015) report that an increase in the deployment of neutrophil extracellular traps associated with hyperglycemia slows down wound healing. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Papayannopoulos V

更新日期：2015-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian gut microbiota provides essential metabolites to the host and promotes the differentiation and accumulation of extrathymically generated regulatory T (pTreg) cells. To explore the impact of these cells on intestinal microbial communities, we assessed the composition of the microbiota in pTreg cell-defici...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Campbell C,Dikiy S,Bhattarai SK,Chinen T,Matheis F,Calafiore M,Hoyos B,Hanash A,Mucida D,Bucci V,Rudensky AY

更新日期：2018-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Assembly of inflammasomes after infection or injury leads to the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and to pyroptosis. After inflammasome activation, cells either pyroptose or enter a hyperactivated state defined by IL-1β secretion without cell death, but what controls these different outcomes is unknown. Here, we show...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Carty M,Kearney J,Shanahan KA,Hams E,Sugisawa R,Connolly D,Doran CG,Muñoz-Wolf N,Gürtler C,Fitzgerald KA,Lavelle EC,Fallon PG,Bowie AG

更新日期：2019-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Monocytes are effectors of the inflammatory response to microbes. Human CD14(+) monocytes specialize in phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species and secrete inflammatory cytokines in response to a broad range of microbial cues. Here, we have characterized the functions of human monocytes that lack CD14 (...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Cros J,Cagnard N,Woollard K,Patey N,Zhang SY,Senechal B,Puel A,Biswas SK,Moshous D,Picard C,Jais JP,D'Cruz D,Casanova JL,Trouillet C,Geissmann F

更新日期：2010-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell activation through the TCR can result in either cell proliferation or cell death. The role of costimulatory receptors in regulating T cell survival has not been defined. Here, we present data demonstrating that CD28 costimulation enhances the in vitro survival of activated T cells. One mechanism for this enhanc...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Boise LH,Minn AJ,Noel PJ,June CH,Accavitti MA,Lindsten T,Thompson CB

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. Although Foxp3 expression marks the commitment of progenitors to Treg cell lineage, how Treg cells are generated during lymphocyte development remains enigmatic. We report here that the c-Rel transcription factor controlled development of Treg...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Ruan Q,Kameswaran V,Tone Y,Li L,Liou HC,Greene MI,Tone M,Chen YH

更新日期：2009-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunity to the intestinal parasite Heligomosomoides polygyrus is dependent on the successful generation of T helper 2 (Th2) memory cells. We showed that B cells contribute to immunity against H. polygyrus by producing antibody (Ab) and by promoting expansion and differentiation of primary and memory Th2 cells. We als...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Wojciechowski W,Harris DP,Sprague F,Mousseau B,Makris M,Kusser K,Honjo T,Mohrs K,Mohrs M,Randall T,Lund FE

更新日期：2009-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Activated CD8(+) T cells can differentiate into transient effector cells or long-lived memory cells. In this issue of Immunity, Joshi et al. (2007) suggest that inflammatory cytokines dictate this balance by regulating the expression of the transcription factor T-bet. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Hamilton SE,Jameson SC

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription factors of the NFAT family play a critical role in the immune response by activating the expression of cytokines and other inducible genes in antigen-stimulated cells. Here we show that a member of this family, NFAT1, is involved in down-regulating the late phase of IL-4 gene transcription, thus inhibiti...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Kiani A,Viola JP,Lichtman AH,Rao A

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among 631 substitutions present in 90 nurse shark immunoglobulin light chain somatic mutants, 338 constitute 2-4 bp stretches of adjacent changes. An absence of mutations in perinatal sequences and the bias for one mutating V gene in adults suggest that the diversification is antigen dependent. The substitutions share...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Lee SS,Tranchina D,Ohta Y,Flajnik MF,Hsu E

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-1 Envelope (Env) mediates viral-host membrane fusion after binding host-receptor CD4 and coreceptor. Soluble envelopes (SOSIPs), designed to mimic prefusion conformational states of virion-bound envelopes, are proposed immunogens for eliciting neutralizing antibodies, yet only static structures are available. To e...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Stadtmueller BM,Bridges MD,Dam KM,Lerch MT,Huey-Tubman KE,Hubbell WL,Bjorkman PJ

更新日期：2018-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Human cytomegalovirus inhibits peptide import into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the MHC-encoded TAP peptide transporter. We identified the open reading frame US6 to mediate this effect. Expression of the 21 kDa US6 glycoprotein in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells correlates with the inhibition of peptide tran...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Hengel H,Koopmann JO,Flohr T,Muranyi W,Goulmy E,Hämmerling GJ,Koszinowski UH,Momburg F

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs have been shown to be critical for a number of aspects of immune system regulation and function. Here, we have examined the role of microRNAs in terminal B cell differentiation by analyzing Cd19-Cre(ki/+) Dicer1(fl/fl) mice. We found that in the absence of Dicer, the transitional and marginal zone (MZ) B cel...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Belver L,de Yébenes VG,Ramiro AR

更新日期：2010-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling is important for multiple potentially pathogenic processes in the central nervous system (CNS), but the cell-type-specific roles of IL-1 signaling are unclear. We used a genetic knockin reporter system in mice to track and reciprocally delete or express IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) in specif...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Liu X,Nemeth DP,McKim DB,Zhu L,DiSabato DJ,Berdysz O,Gorantla G,Oliver B,Witcher KG,Wang Y,Negray CE,Vegesna RS,Sheridan JF,Godbout JP,Robson MJ,Blakely RD,Popovich PG,Bilbo SD,Quan N

更新日期：2019-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Cognate interactions of naive T cells with antigen-presenting dendritic cells require physical cell-cell contacts leading to signal induction and T cell activation. Using a three-dimensional collagen matrix videomicroscopy model for ovalbumin peptide-specific activation of murine and oxidative mitogenesis of human T c...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Gunzer M,Schäfer A,Borgmann S,Grabbe S,Zänker KS,Bröcker EB,Kämpgen E,Friedl P

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interferon (IFN)-γ can prime macrophages for inflammatory responses by several mechanisms, including enhancer establishment and gene activation. In this issue of Immunity, Kang et al. (2017) provide insight into the mechanisms of IFN-γ-mediated gene repression as they show that IFN-γ promotes the disassembly of select...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Novakovic B,Wang C,Logie C

更新日期：2017-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The establishment and maintenance of immunological tolerance entails both central and peripheral mechanisms. The latter have been highlighted in the past several years, mostly because of great interest in the activities of regulatory T cells. However, an important role for central tolerance mechanisms has been reempha...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Mathis D,Benoist C

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms underpinning integration of instructions that program naive CD8+ T cells for effector and/or memory differentiation are not well understood. Herein, we demonstrate that interleukin-12 (IL-12) enhanced and sustained antigen and costimulatory molecule (B7.1)-induced mTOR kinase activity in naive CD8+ (OT-...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Rao RR,Li Q,Odunsi K,Shrikant PA

更新日期：2010-01-29 00:00:00