Abstract:
:Biofilms are structured multicellular communities of bacteria that form through a developmental process. In standing culture, undomesticated strains of Bacillus subtilis produce a floating biofilm, called a pellicle, with a distinct macroscopic architecture. Here we report on a comprehensive analysis of B. subtilis pellicle formation, with a focus on transcriptional regulators and morphological changes. To date, 288 known or putative transcriptional regulators encoded by the B. subtilis genome have been identified or assigned based on similarity to other known proteins. The genes encoding these regulators were systematically disrupted, and the effects of the mutations on pellicle formation were examined, resulting in the identification of 19 regulators involved in pellicle formation. In addition, morphological analysis revealed that pellicle formation begins with the formation of cell chains, which is followed by clustering and degradation of cell chains. Genetic and morphological evidence showed that each stage of morphological change can be defined genetically, based on mutants of transcriptional regulators, each of which blocks pellicle formation at a specific morphological stage. Formation and degradation of cell chains are controlled by down- and up-regulation of sigma(D)- and sigma(H)-dependent autolysins expressed at specific stages during pellicle formation. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the transcriptional activation of sigH depends on the formation of cell clusters, which in turn activates transcription of sigma(H)-dependent autolysin in cell clusters. Taken together, our results reveal relationships between transcriptional regulators and morphological development during pellicle formation by B. subtilis.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Kobayashi Kdoi
10.1128/JB.00157-07subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-07-01 00:00:00pages
4920-31issue
13eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530pii
JB.00157-07journal_volume
189pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A characteristic feature of biofilm formation is the production of a protective extracellular polymeric matrix. In the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, the biofilm matrix is synthesized by the products of the epsABCDEFGHIJKLMNO operon (hereafter called the eps operon) and yqxM-sipW-tasA loci. Transcription f...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00618-09
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The FemAB-like factors Lif and Epr confer resistance to glycylglycine endopeptidases lysostaphin and Ale-1, respectively, by incorporating serine residues into the staphylococcal peptidoglycan interpeptide bridges specifically at positions 3 and 5. This required the presence of FemA and/or FemB, in contrast to earlier...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.182.9.2635-2638.2000
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::When soluble extracts of the extreme acidothermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus were incubated with [gamma-(32)P]ATP, several proteins were radiolabeled. One of the more prominent of these, which migrated with a mass of approximately 46 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.185.7.2112-2121.2003
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glyoxal is toxic and mutagenic α-oxoaldehyde generated in vivo as an oxidation by-product of sugar metabolism. We selected glyoxal-resistant mutants from an Escherichia coli strain lacking major glyoxal-detoxifying genes, gloA and yqhD, by growing cells in medium containing a lethal concentration of glyoxal. The mutan...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.06062-11
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A gene coding for thermophilic beta-amylase of Clostridium thermosulfurogenes was cloned into Bacillus subtilis, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The nucleotide sequence suggested that the thermophilic beta-amylase is translated from monocistronic mRNA as a secretory precursor with a signal peptide of 32 am...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.170.12.5848-5854.1988
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The par stability determinant, encoded by the Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pAD1, is the only antisense RNA regulated postsegregational killing system identified in gram-positive bacteria. Because of the unique organization of the par locus, the par antisense RNA, RNA II, binds to its target, RNA I, at relatively smal...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.186.19.6400-6408.2004
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::l-Lysine caused repression of diaminopimelate decarboxylase synthesis in Bacillus cereus when grown in either a minimal defined medium (CDGS medium) or a complex defined medium (a modified lysine assay medium). When cells were grown in either of the two media, variations in the specific activity of the enzyme as a fun...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.106.2.551-560.1971
更新日期:1971-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We identified in Listeria monocytogenes a gene encoding a protein homologous to MecA, a regulatory protein acting with ClpC and ComK in the competence pathway of Bacillus subtilis. In L. monocytogenes, MecA is involved, along with ClpC and ClpP, in the downregulation of a 64-kDa secreted protein. In B. subtilis, the M...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.182.20.5931-5934.2000
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of motility on the competitive success of Rhizobium meliloti in nodule production was investigated. A motile strain formed more nodules than expected when mixed at various unfavorable ratios with either flagellated or nonflagellated nonmotile derivatives. We conclude that motility confers a selective advant...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.148.2.728-729.1981
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ureolytic clinical isolates of Providencia stuartii, Salmonella spp., and some Escherichia coli strains contain large urease-encoding plasmids. Expression of urease activity from these isolates is induced at least 20-fold by urea. In order to facilitate studies on the regulatory mechanism controlling this urea-inducib...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.175.11.3459-3467.1993
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus bovis possesses two sugar phosphate phosphatases (Pases). Pase I is a soluble enzyme that is inhibited by the membrane fractions from lactose-grown cells and is insensitive to activation by S46D HPr, an analog of HPr(ser-P) of the sugar phosphotransferase system. Pase II is a membrane-associated enzyme t...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.177.23.7007-7009.1995
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inducible cat and erm genes are regulated by translational attenuation. In this regulatory model, gene activation results from chloramphenicol- or erythromycin-dependent stalling of a ribosome at a precise site in the leader region of cat or erm transcripts. The stalled ribosome is believed to destabilize a downstream...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.172.11.6282-6290.1990
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electron microscopy of thin sections of dormant and germinating spores of Bacillus subtilis 168 revealed a progressive change in the structure of the cortex, outer spore coat, and inner spore coat. The initial changes were observed in the cortex region, which showed a loose fibrous network within 10 min of germination...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.120.1.475-481.1974
更新日期:1974-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::5-methylcytosine in chromosomal DNA represents a potential source of frequent spontaneous mutation for hyperthermophiles. To determine the relevance of this threat for the archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, the mode of GGCC methylation by its restriction-modification system, SuaI, was investigated. Distinct isoschizo...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.185.15.4657-4661.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Rhodopseudomonas palustris is an alphaproteobacterium that has served as a model organism for studies of photophosphorylation, regulation of nitrogen fixation, production of hydrogen as a biofuel, and anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds. This bacterium is able to transition between anaerobic photoaut...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00771-15
更新日期:2015-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::The isocitrate lyase from a thermophilic Bacillus is activated about threefold by a variety of salts. Such strong stimulation of activity is not seen with isocitrate lyase from the mesophiles, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus nidulans. The salt activation is markedly pH-de...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.116.3.1160-1169.1973
更新日期:1973-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many pathogenic bacteria translocate virulence factors into their eukaryotic hosts by means of type IV secretion systems (T4SS) spanning the inner and outer membranes. Genes encoding components of these systems have been identified within the order Rickettsiales based upon their sequence similarities to other prototyp...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00301-20
更新日期:2020-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1 was isolated after enrichment on minimal medium with 1% (vol/vol) toluene as the sole C source. The strain was able to grow in the presence of 90% (vol/vol) toluene and was tolerant to organic solvents whose log P(ow) (octanol/water partition coefficient) was higher than 2.3. Solvent toleranc...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.177.14.3911-3916.1995
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The secretomes of a virulent Bacillus anthracis strain and of avirulent strains (cured of the virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2), cultured in rich and minimal media, were studied by a comparative proteomic approach. More than 400 protein spots, representing the products of 64 genes, were identified, and a unique patter...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.188.10.3551-3571.2006
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The SecYEG heterotrimeric membrane protein complex functions as a channel for protein translocation across the Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane. SecY is the central subunit of the SecYEG complex and contains 10 transmembrane segments (TM1 to TM10). Previous mutation studies suggested that TM3 and TM4 are particul...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.186.12.3960-3969.2004
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Tat system is a recently discovered protein export pathway that serves to translocate folded proteins, often containing redox cofactors, across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Here we report that tat strains are associated with a mutant cell septation phenotype, where chains of up to 10 cells are evident. Muta...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.183.1.139-144.2001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two unusual characteristics of some outer membrane proteins of Rhizobium leguminosarum are described. First, most of the major outer membrane proteins could only be visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after lysozyme treatment of the isolated cell envelopes, suggesting a very strong,...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.171.7.3989-3995.1989
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A genetic analysis of a 12-kb DNA fragment containing Pseudomonas denitrificans cob genes was performed by transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis. The nucleotide sequence and genetic analysis have shown that a 4.8-kb DNA subfragment carried two cob genes (cobS and cobT). Biochemical data concerning the complement...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.173.19.6058-6065.1991
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biogenesis of the outer membrane (OM) is an essential process in gram-negative bacteria. One of the key steps of OM biogenesis is the assembly of integral outer membrane beta-barrel proteins (OMPs) by a protein machine called the Bam complex. In Escherichia coli, the Bam complex is composed of the essential proteins B...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.06426-11
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression pattern of the Escherichia coli genome is controlled in part by regulating the utilization of a limited number of RNA polymerases among a total of its approximately 4,600 genes. The distribution pattern of RNA polymerase changes from modulation of two types of protein-protein interactions: the interacti...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01579-14
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Day, L. E. (Chas. Pfizer & Co., Inc., Groton, Conn.). Tetracycline inhibition of cell-free protein synthesis. II. Effect of the binding of tetracycline to the components of the system. J. Bacteriol. 92:197-203. 1966.-When tetracycline, an inhibitor of cell-free protein synthesis, was preincubated with each component o...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.92.1.197-203.1966
更新日期:1966-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report here direct evidence that mutations in the par locus affect protein-DNA interactions in vivo at the replication origin of plasmid pSC101. Concomitant with par-mediated plasmid stabilization, two sites in the origin region show an altered methylation pattern as detected by in vivo footprinting with dimethyl s...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.175.18.6046-6048.1993
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transferred DNA (T-DNA) is transported from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to the nucleus and is stably integrated into the genome of many plant species. It has been proposed that the VirD2 protein, tightly attached to the T-DNA, pilots the T-DNA into the plant cell nucleus and that it is involved in integration. Using...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.175.3.723-731.1993
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hydrocarbon-utilizing Brevibacterium which grew into the oil phase of an oil-water system was tested for survival at elevated temperature. Cells suspended in oil and cells that had been resuspended in aqueous solution were tested by placing 1-ml samples of the cell suspension in small test tubes immersed in a contro...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.116.3.1287-1292.1973
更新日期:1973-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fec region of the Escherichia coli chromosome determines a citrate-dependent iron(III) transport system. The nucleotide sequence of fec revealed five genes, fecABCDE, which are transcribed from fecA to fecE. The fecA gene encodes a previously described outer membrane receptor protein. The fecB gene product is form...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.171.5.2626-2633.1989
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00