Individual hydrogen bonds play a critical role in MHC class II: peptide interactions: implications for the dynamic aspects of class II trafficking and DM-mediated peptide exchange.

abstract：:Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used for more than 50 years to combat hematologic malignancies. In addition to being the first stem cell therapy, transplantation has provided evidence for the potent anti-tumor effects of T cells. Facilitating T-cell-based immunity against malignancies requires a caref...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Ghosh A,Holland AM,van den Brink MR

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in teleost fish is structurally similar to that in mammals, comprising a series of variable gene segments upstream of two constant region genes coding for IgM and IgD. Atlantic salmon have been shown to possess two distinct heavy chain loci, related to the tetraploid ancestry of th...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Hordvik I

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bach2 is a basic region-leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor that forms heterodimers with small Maf oncoproteins and binds to target genes, thus repressing their expression. Bach2 is required for class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin genes in activated B cells. Bach2 ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Igarashi K,Ochiai K,Itoh-Nakadai A,Muto A

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For more than a century, immunologists and vaccinologists have existed in parallel universes. Immunologists have for long reveled in using 'model antigens', such as chicken egg ovalbumin or nitrophenyl haptens, to study immune responses in model organisms such as mice. Such studies have yielded many seminal insights a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Pulendran B,Oh JZ,Nakaya HI,Ravindran R,Kazmin DA

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GITR [glucocorticoid inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-related protein] and 4-1BB are costimulatory TNFR family members that are expressed on regulatory and effector T cells as well as on other cells of the immune system. Here we discuss the role of GITR and 4-1BB on T cells during viral infections and i...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Snell LM,Lin GH,McPherson AJ,Moraes TJ,Watts TH

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The monoclonal antibody, A2B4-2, specifically bound to and inhibited antigen-induced IL-2 release from the cloned pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cell hybrid, 2B4. The initial immunoprecipitation with these reagents demonstrated a protein of 85-90kd on non-reducing conditions, and two bands of 45-50 and 40-44 on reduci...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Samelson LE,Schwartz RH

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of antibodies specific for citrullinated protein epitopes [anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs)] is a hallmark for the diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and will also be a useful tool for understanding the fundamental pathologic processes. There are several essential questions...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Uysal H,Nandakumar KS,Kessel C,Haag S,Carlsen S,Burkhardt H,Holmdahl R

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and evasion of the antitumor effector immune response are two of the emerging hallmarks required for oncogenesis and cancer progression. The innate immune system not only plays a critical role in perpetuating these tumor-promoting hallmarks but also in developing anti...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Berraondo P,Minute L,Ajona D,Corrales L,Melero I,Pio R

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of T cells to respond to a wide array of foreign antigens while avoiding reactivity to self is largely determined by cellular selection of developing T cells in the thymus. While a great deal is known about the cell types and molecules involved in T-cell selection in the thymus, our understanding of the sp...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Kurd N,Robey EA

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear hormone receptor retinoid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) induces a pro-inflammatory program in lymphoid cells, culminating in the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, IL-22, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor. During ontogeny, the first type of cells expre...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Eberl G

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have the capacity to reconstitute all the blood cells in the body. HSC are rare, representing on average 0.05% of the mononuclear cells present in healthy human bone marrow. Due to their capacity for self-renewal and their pluripotent, long-term reconstituting potential, HSC are consider...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Chen BP,Galy AM,Fraser C,Hill B

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As an essential mechanism for self-tolerance, immune suppression has attracted much attention since the discovery of suppressor T cells, now called regulatory T cells (Tregs), in the 1990s. Different types of Tregs have been described based on distinct expression patterns of surface markers and cytokines. Cytokines ar...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Wan YY,Flavell RA

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are two distinct pathways by which T cells may recognize MHC alloantigens. The direct pathway involves T-cell recognition of intact MHC molecules expressed by donor antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The second, or indirect, pathway describes T-cell recognition of peptides derived from the processing and presentat...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Suciu-Foca N,Harris PE,Cortesini R

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is considerable evidence that the conformation and stability of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins is dependent upon high-affinity peptide ligation, but structural data for an empty MHC protein unfortunately is lacking. However, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specific...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Hansen TH,Lybarger L,Yu L,Mitaksov V,Fremont DH

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leishmania major infections induce the development of a CD4(+) T-helper 1 (Th1) response that not only controls the primary infection but also results in life-long immunity to reinfection. How that immunity is maintained is unknown, although because of the existence of infection-induced immunity, there has been an ass...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Scott P,Artis D,Uzonna J,Zaph C

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thymic dendritic cells (DC) mediate negative selection at a relatively late stage of the T-cell developmental pathway. We present evidence that the development of thymic DC and of T-lineage cells is linked via a common precursor at an early stage of thymocyte development. T-lineage precursor populations from the adult...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Shortman K,Vremec D,Corcoran LM,Georgopoulos K,Lucas K,Wu L

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tyrosine ZAP-70 (zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa) kinase plays a critical role in activating many downstream signal transduction pathways in T cells following T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement. The importance of ZAP-70 is evidenced by the severe combined immunodeficiency that occurs in ZAP-70-deficient mice and h...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Au-Yeung BB,Deindl S,Hsu LY,Palacios EH,Levin SE,Kuriyan J,Weiss A

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is an established risk factor for many cancers and has recently been found to alter the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies. Currently, however, the effects of obesity on immunometabolism remain unclear. Understanding these associations is critical, given the fact that T cell metabolism is tightly linked ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Turbitt WJ,Buchta Rosean C,Weber KS,Norian LA

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current regimens used to treat tuberculosis are largely comprised of serendipitously discovered drugs that are combined based on clinical experience. Despite curing millions, these drug regimens are limited by the long course of therapy, the emergence of resistance, and the persistent tissue damage that remains af...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Baer CE,Rubin EJ,Sassetti CM

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the discovery that the recombination-activating gene (RAG) proteins were capable of transposition in vitro, investigators have been trying to uncover instances of transposition in vivo and understand how this transposase has been harnessed to do useful work while being inhibited from causing deleterious chromoso...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Brandt VL,Roth DB

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The co-evolution of papillomaviruses (PV) and their mammalian hosts has produced mechanisms by which PV might avoid specific and non-specific host immune responses. Low level expression of PV proteins in infected basal epithelial cells, together with an absence of inflammation and of virus-induced cell lysis, restrict...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Frazer IH,Thomas R,Zhou J,Leggatt GR,Dunn L,McMillan N,Tindle RW,Filgueira L,Manders P,Barnard P,Sharkey M

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biological roles of two interferon-inducible chemokines, monokine induced by gamma interferon (Mig) and cytokine responsive gene (Crg-2), in the immune response against vaccinia virus (VV) and ectromelia virus (EV) infections are discussed. To investigate their antiviral effects in vivo, the expression profiles of...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Mahalingam S,Foster PS,Lobigs M,Farber JM,Karupiah G

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Superantigens (SAGs) are a class of disease-causing and immunostimulatory proteins of bacterial or viral origin that activate T cells by binding to the V beta domain of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR). The three-dimensional structure of the complex between a TCR beta chain (mouse V beta 8.2-J beta 2.1-C beta 1) and ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Li H,Llera A,Mariuzza RA

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Negative regulation of intracellular signaling delivered by the antigen receptors and coreceptors plays an important role in lymphocyte development and activation. Recent data from our laboratory and others have identified the Cbl family of ubiquitin ligases as important negative regulators in both T-cell and B-cell a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Huang F,Gu H

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：SUMMARY:African trypanosomes are pathogens for humans and livestock. They are single-cell, extra-cellular parasites that cause persistent infections of the blood and induce profound immunosuppression. Here, we review recent work on experimental African trypanosomiasis, especially infections with Trypanosoma congolense,...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Tabel H,Wei G,Shi M

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of its intrinsic virulence, Toxoplasma gondii induces a potent interleukin-12 (IL-12)-dependent cell-mediated immune response that shuts down the growth of the replicative tachyzoite stage, thus promoting host survival and successful transmission through predation. At the same time, this response must be tight...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Aliberti J,Jankovic D,Sher A

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancers are able to grow by subverting immune suppressive pathways, to prevent the malignant cells as being recognized as dangerous or foreign. This mechanism prevents the cancer from being eliminated by the immune system and allows disease to progress from a very early stage to a lethal state. Immunotherapies are new...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Allard B,Longhi MS,Robson SC,Stagg J

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Guanine nucleotide binding proteins rapidly cycle between a guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound and guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound state, and they operate as binary switches that control cell activation in response to environmental cues. GTPases adopt different conformations when binding GTP vs. GDP. The GTP-bound s...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Cantrell DA

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) are key immune receptors responsible for the effective control of both humoral and innate immunity and are central to maintaining the balance between generating appropriate responses to infection and preventing autoimmunity. When this balance is lost, pathology results in increased susceptibility...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Hargreaves CE,Rose-Zerilli MJ,Machado LR,Iriyama C,Hollox EJ,Cragg MS,Strefford JC

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The infiltration of human tumors by T cells is a common phenomenon, and over the past decades, it has become increasingly clear that the nature of such intratumoral T-cell populations can predict disease course. Furthermore, intratumoral T cells have been utilized therapeutically in clinical studies of adoptive T-cell...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Linnemann C,Mezzadra R,Schumacher TN

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00