The structure, regulation, and function of ZAP-70.

abstract：:The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. Noncanonical K63-linked polyubiquitination plays a key regulatory role in NF-κB signaling pathways by functioning as a scaffold to recruit kinase complexes containing ubiquitin-binding domains. Ubiquitination is balanced by ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Harhaj EW,Dixit VM

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：SUMMARY:African trypanosomes are pathogens for humans and livestock. They are single-cell, extra-cellular parasites that cause persistent infections of the blood and induce profound immunosuppression. Here, we review recent work on experimental African trypanosomiasis, especially infections with Trypanosoma congolense,...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Tabel H,Wei G,Shi M

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In spite of some remarkable progress in our understanding of the immune response to parasites and in the molecular cloning of dozens of genes encoding for potentially protective proteins, no definitive step has yet been made towards operational vaccines against major human parasitic diseases. The reasons for our prese...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Capron A,Dessaint JP

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) generate protective CD8 cells of varying specificity. One subset, unlike conventional LM-immune CD8 cells, can respond to antigen-presenting cells (APC) treated with heat-killed LM (HKLM). These cells proved to have surprisingly uniform specificity, recognizing a product ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Kurlander R,Nataraj C

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The individual role of pathogen-binding Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and antibody-binding Fc receptors (FcRs) during pathogenic infections has been studied extensively. However, combined activation of these different receptor classes has received little attention, even though they are triggered simultaneously when immun...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： van Egmond M,Vidarsson G,Bakema JE

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen that causes chronic infection and life-threatening liver diseases in millions of individuals. While pathological and epidemiological consequences of clinically evident HBV infections are well recognized, there is no similar knowledge on an asymptomatic, silently progre...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Michalak TI

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The screening of tumor-derived expression libraries for antigens detected by high-titer immunoglobulin G antibodies from the sera of patients with cancer by SEREX (serological identification of antigens by recombinant expression cloning) allows a systematic search for antigens of human cancers. SEREX has led to the id...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Preuss KD,Zwick C,Bormann C,Neumann F,Pfreundschuh M

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review discusses situations when the magnitude and function of immune responses to virus infection are influenced by regulatory T cells (Tregs). The focus is on CD4+ CD25+ forkhead box protein 3+ natural Tregs (nTregs). The immune response may be limited in magnitude and efficacy when animals with normal nTreg fu...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Rouse BT,Sarangi PP,Suvas S

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/interleukin-12 (IL-12) pathway is a pivotal player in the immune system and is central to controlling mycobacterial infections. We highlight the most recent and relevant advances in understanding this pathway and their repercussions on basic and clinical science. Human mutations in IFN...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Rosenzweig SD,Holland SM

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition of peptide presented by the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecule by the T-cell receptor (TCR) determines T-cell selection, development, differentiation, fate, and function. Despite intensive studies on the structures, thermodynamic properties, kinetic rates, and affinities of TCR-pMHC interacti...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Zhu C,Jiang N,Huang J,Zarnitsyna VI,Evavold BD

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, a Th1-biased autoimmune response arises spontaneously against glutamic acid decarboxylase, concurrent with the onset of insulitis. Subsequently, Th1-type autoreactivity spreads intra- and intermolecularly to other beta-cell autoantigens (beta CAAs), suggesting that a spontaneous ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Tian J,Olcott AP,Hanssen LR,Zekzer D,Middleton B,Kaufman DL

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Considerable progress has been made in defining intermediate stages in the process leading from stem cells to mature B cells. Cell-bound and secreted molecules direct the progression through these stages and regulate the selection of clones from which the immune repertoire emerges. In fact, a myriad of signals derived...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Stoddart A,Fleming HE,Paige CJ

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pivotal discovery that two chemokine receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, serve along with the T-cell receptor-interacting CD4 molecule as the principal co-receptors for HIV-1 entry stimulated a search for common genetic polymorphism in their genes which might affect the course of AIDS. Four mutational variants, CCR5-delta3...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： O'Brien SJ,Moore JP

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The monoclonal antibody, A2B4-2, specifically bound to and inhibited antigen-induced IL-2 release from the cloned pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cell hybrid, 2B4. The initial immunoprecipitation with these reagents demonstrated a protein of 85-90kd on non-reducing conditions, and two bands of 45-50 and 40-44 on reduci...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Samelson LE,Schwartz RH

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is now convincing evidence that autoreactive CD8+ T cells can contribute to the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. In the non-obese diabetic mouse, there is direct evidence that beta-islet cell-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells have a pathogenic effect. In human diseases such as autoimmune diabete...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Vizler C,Bercovici N,Cornet A,Cambouris C,Liblau RS

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The co-evolution of papillomaviruses (PV) and their mammalian hosts has produced mechanisms by which PV might avoid specific and non-specific host immune responses. Low level expression of PV proteins in infected basal epithelial cells, together with an absence of inflammation and of virus-induced cell lysis, restrict...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Frazer IH,Thomas R,Zhou J,Leggatt GR,Dunn L,McMillan N,Tindle RW,Filgueira L,Manders P,Barnard P,Sharkey M

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enhanced amino acid catabolism is a common response to inflammation, but the immunologic significance of altered amino acid consumption remains unclear. The finding that tryptophan catabolism helped maintain fetal tolerance during pregnancy provided novel insights into the significance of amino acid metabolism in cont...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： McGaha TL,Huang L,Lemos H,Metz R,Mautino M,Prendergast GC,Mellor AL

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For more than a century, immunologists and vaccinologists have existed in parallel universes. Immunologists have for long reveled in using 'model antigens', such as chicken egg ovalbumin or nitrophenyl haptens, to study immune responses in model organisms such as mice. Such studies have yielded many seminal insights a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Pulendran B,Oh JZ,Nakaya HI,Ravindran R,Kazmin DA

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Newfound relatives of the classical Fc receptors (FcR) have been provisionally named the Fc receptor homologs (FcRH). The recent identification of eight human and six mouse FcRH genes substantially increases the size and functional potential of the FcR family. The extended family of FcR and FcRH genes spans approximat...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Davis RS,Dennis G Jr,Odom MR,Gibson AW,Kimberly RP,Burrows PD,Cooper MD

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunity results from a complex interplay between the antigen-non-specific innate immune system and the antigen-specific adaptive immune system. The cells and molecules of the innate system employ non-clonal recognition receptors including lectins, Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and helicases. B and T lympho...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Ueno H,Schmitt N,Klechevsky E,Pedroza-Gonzalez A,Matsui T,Zurawski G,Oh S,Fay J,Pascual V,Banchereau J,Palucka K

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genes that encode molecules involved in antigen presentation within the class I and class II regions of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) include several that are highly polymorphic. There is evidence that this polymorphism is maintained by positive selection, most likely overdominant selection,...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Yeager M,Hughes AL

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer immunotherapy utilizing T-cell checkpoint inhibitors has shown tremendous clinical success. Yet, this mode of treatment is effective in only a subset of patients. Unresponsive patients tend to have non-T-cell-inflamed tumors that lack markers associated with the activation of adaptive anti-tumor immune response...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Akalu YT,Rothlin CV,Ghosh S

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hookworm infection is a major parasitic cause of morbidity in the developing nations of the tropics. Development of a genetically engineered vaccine would be a useful tool in the control of this infection in highly endemic areas. Recombinant polypeptides belonging to the Ancylostoma secreted protein (ASP)-1 family hav...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Hotez PJ,Ghosh K,Hawdon JM,Narasimhan S,Jones B,Shuhua X,Sen L,Bin Z,Haechou X,Hainan R,Heng W,Koski RA

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Once across the barrier of the epithelium, macrophages constitute the primary defense against microbial invasion. For most microbes, the acidic, hydrolytically competent environment of the phagolysosome is sufficient to kill them. Despite our understanding of the trafficking events that regulate phagosome maturation, ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Rohde K,Yates RM,Purdy GE,Russell DG

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For more than 25 years, it has been widely appreciated that Ca2+ influx is essential to trigger T-lymphocyte activation. Patch clamp analysis, molecular identification, and functional studies using blockers and genetic manipulation have shown that a unique contingent of ion channels orchestrates the initiation, intens...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Cahalan MD,Chandy KG

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells are key players of the mammalian adaptive immune system. They experience different mechanical microenvironments during their life cycle, from the thymus, secondary lymph organs, and peripheral tissues that are free of externally applied force, but display variable substrate rigidities to the blood and lymphati...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Chen W,Zhu C

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NF-κB proteins were identified in the search for mechanisms that regulate B-lymphocyte-specific transcription of immunoglobulin κ light chain genes. Twenty-five years later, though the function of the κB site in the enhancer remains enigmatic, NF-κB proteins have been shown to have important roles in B-cell developmen...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Kaileh M,Sen R

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptides derived from parasites are presented to T helper cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alpha beta heterodimeric cell-surface molecules. In mice and humans, the genes encoding these antigen-presenting molecules are known to be polymorphic and polygenic. Multiple loci for MHC class II A and B...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： McConnell TJ,Godwin UB,Cuthbertson BJ

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：SUMMARY:B7-H3 and B7-H4 belong to a new class of immune regulatory molecules, which primarily execute their functions in peripheral tissues to fine tune immune responses in target organs. In normal circumstances, while the mRNA for both molecules is broadly distributed, tight control at the post-transcriptional level i...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Yi KH,Chen L

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The general thrust of this volume is to review the roles of accessory cells in regulating T and B lymphocytes. To that end, we have summarized the evidence that indicates the crucial role that Langerhans cells play in the induction and expression of immunity to antigens that gain access to, or arise within, skin. Lang...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Streilein JW,Grammer SF,Yoshikawa T,Demidem A,Vermeer M

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00