The cholesterol-raising factor from coffee beans.

abstract：:Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are abundant intracellular proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids with high affinity. Nine separate mammalian FABPs have been identified, and their tertiary structures are highly conserved. The FABPs have unique tissue-specific distributions that have long suggested functional di...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Storch J,Corsico B

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to taste bitter thiourea compounds, such as phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), is inherited. Polymorphisms in the bitter-taste receptor TAS2R38 explain the majority of phenotypic variation in the PROP phenotype. It has been hypothesized that the PROP phenotype is a marker for percep...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Keller KL,Adise S

更新日期：2016-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:It appears that specific functions may be assigned to some of the cellular folate binding proteins with some degree of certainty. Those that are membrane bound or derived from membranes probably have a role in transport of folate molecules into the cell. This is in spite of the fact that the localization of this prote...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wagner C

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Iron deficiency in early life is associated with delayed development as assessed by a number of clinical trials using similar global scales of development; this poor development during infancy persists in most cases after iron therapy has corrected iron status. If iron deficiency occurs in preschool and older children...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Beard JL,Connor JR

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-chain fatty acids are involved in all aspects of cellular structure and function. For controlling amounts of fatty acids, cells are endowed with two acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) systems. ACC-alpha is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biogenesis of long-chain fatty acids, and ACC-beta is believed to control m...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Kim KH

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary proteins and amino acids are important modulators of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Although high intake of dietary proteins has positive effects on energy homeostasis by inducing satiety and possibly increasing energy expenditure, it has detrimental effects on glucose homeostasis by promoting ins...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Tremblay F,Lavigne C,Jacques H,Marette A

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selenium exerts its biological activity largely through selenoproteins, which contain the element in the form of selenocysteine. Five selenoproteins have been characterized in animal tissues and there is evidence that a number of others exist. Selenoprotein synthesis is a complex process that has been well characteriz...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Burk RF,Hill KE

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How much vitamin E is enough? An established use of supplemental vitamin E in humans is in the prevention and therapy of deficiency symptoms. The cause of vitamin E deficiency, characterized by peripheral neuropathy and ataxia, is usually malabsorption-a result of fat malabsorption or genetic abnormalities in lipoprot...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Traber MG,Sies H

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Identifying bioactive compounds and establishing their health effects are active areas of scientific inquiry. There are exciting prospects that select bioactive compounds will reduce the risk of many diseases, including chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Recent findings have established that cardiovascul...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Kris-Etherton PM,Lefevre M,Beecher GR,Gross MD,Keen CL,Etherton TD

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is now recognized as a serious chronic disease, but there is pessimism about how successful treatment can be. A general perception is that almost no one succeeds in long-term maintenance of weight loss. To define long-term weight loss success, we need an accepted definition. We propose defining successful long...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wing RR,Hill JO

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Investigations into regulating metabolic pathways with stable isotopes have, over the past decade, undergone major development with the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry in studying labeling patterns of newly synthesized biomolecules. In this review, we concentrate on investigations of mass isoto...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Brunengraber H,Kelleher JK,Des Rosiers C

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thirty years ago, it was suggested that maternal intake of certain vitamins during pregnancy affected the incidence of serious fetal malformations. Subsequent research has revealed that folate (folic acid), a B vitamin, plays a crucial role in the development of the central nervous system during the early weeks of ges...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Butterworth CE Jr,Bendich A

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia develops in white adipose tissue in obese mice, resulting in changes in adipocyte function that may underpin the dysregulation that leads to obesity-associated disorders. Whether hypoxia occurs in adipose tissue in human obesity is unclear, with recent studies contradicting earlier reports that this was the ca...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Trayhurn P

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recognition that mitochondria participate in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism grew out of pioneering work beginning in the 1950s from the laboratories of D.M. Greenberg, C.G. Mackenzie, and G. Kikuchi. These studies revealed mitochondria as the site of oxidation of one-carbon donors such as serine, glycine, s...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Tibbetts AS,Appling DR

更新日期：2010-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:A full review of the strengths and limitations of the various methods used to define amino acid requirements is provided. The focus is on the recent development of carbon oxidation techniques such as indicator amino acid oxidation and 24-h amino acid balance to determine dietary indispensable (essential) amino acid ne...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Pencharz PB,Ball RO

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Taste is a chemical sense that aids in the detection of nutrients and guides food choice. A limited number of primary qualities comprise taste. Accumulating evidence has raised a question about whether fat should be among them. Most evidence indicates triacylglycerol is not an effective taste stimulus, though it clear...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Mattes RD

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose is an essential nutrient for the human body. It is the major energy source for many cells, which depend on the bloodstream for a steady supply. Blood glucose levels, therefore, are carefully maintained. The liver plays a central role in this process by balancing the uptake and storage of glucose via glycogenes...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nordlie RC,Foster JD,Lange AJ

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDL-R) family consists of cell-surface receptors that recognize extracellular ligands and internalize them for degradation by lysosomes. The LDL-R is the prototype of this family, which also contains very-low-density lipoprotein receptors (VLDL-R), apolipoprotein E receptor ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Hussain MM,Strickland DK,Bakillah A

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipolysis of white adipose tissue triacylglycerol stores results in the liberation of glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids that are released into the vasculature for use by other organs as energy substrates. In response to changes in nutritional state, lipolysis rates are precisely regulated through hormonal and bio...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Duncan RE,Ahmadian M,Jaworski K,Sarkadi-Nagy E,Sul HS

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans fatty acids raise plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in volunteers when exchanged for cis unsaturated fatty acids in the diet. In addition, trans fatty acids may lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and raise triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) levels in plasma. Trans and cis ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Katan MB,Zock PL,Mensink RP

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, nutritionally directed alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism appear to be adaptive and to serve important protective roles in the overall economy of the body. These adjustments to nutrition are found at practically every level of thyroid regulation, beginning in the CNS and ending with the final action...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Danforth E Jr,Burger AG

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepcidin, a peptide hormone made in the liver, is the principal regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin controls plasma iron concentration and tissue distribution of iron by inhibiting intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling by macrophages, and iron mobilization from hepatic stores. Hepcidin acts by inhibi...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nemeth E,Ganz T

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apart from being an important macronutrient, dietary fat has recently gained much prominence for its role in regulating gene expression. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect gene expression through various mechanisms including, but not limited to, changes in membrane composition, intracellular calcium levels, an...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Sampath H,Ntambi JM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary guidelines are formulated to meet minimum nutrient requirements, which prevent deficiencies and maintain health, growth, development, and function. These guidelines can be inadequate and contribute to disrupted homeostasis, lean body mass loss, and deteriorated performance in individuals who are working long, ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Pasiakos SM

更新日期：2020-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in the knowledge of iron metabolism underscore its complex relationship to overall cell metabolism. One of the key components of the iron uptake and storage pathway is ferritin, a protein that sequesters iron in a nontoxic form. Ferritin synthesis is translationally regulated by iron. Molecules such as...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Mascotti DP,Rup D,Thach RE

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is clear that many diseases are known to involve defects in vitamin B6 metabolism, but that even more await definitive studies. Furthermore, some functions of vitamin B6, such as its role in glucocorticoid action (21), have been discovered so recently that the medical implications have not yet been fully explored. ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Merrill AH Jr,Henderson JM

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a great deal of interest in personalized, individualized, or precision interventions for disease and health-risk mitigation. This is as true of nutrition-based intervention and prevention strategies as it is for pharmacotherapies and pharmaceutical-oriented prevention strategies. Essentially, technological br...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Schork NJ,Goetz LH

更新日期：2017-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are modulated by the nutrients that replace them and their food matrices. Replacement of SFAs with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been associated with reduced CVD risk, although there is heterogeneity in both fatty acid categories. In co...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Siri-Tarino PW,Chiu S,Bergeron N,Krauss RM

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past, alcoholic liver disease was attributed exclusively to dietary deficiencies, but experimental and judicious clinical studies have now established alcohol's hepatotoxicity. Despite an adequate diet, it can contribute to the entire spectrum of liver diseases, mainly by generating oxidative stress through its...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Lieber CS

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biosynthesis of one riboflavin molecule requires one molecule of GTP and two molecules of ribulose 5-phosphate as substrates. The imidazole ring of GTP is hydrolytically opened, yielding a 4, 5-diaminopyrimidine which is converted to 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2, 4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione by a sequence of deamination, ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Bacher A,Eberhardt S,Fischer M,Kis K,Richter G

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00