Regulation of mammalian acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.

abstract：:Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent throughout the world, and growing evidence supports a requirement for optimal vitamin D levels for the healthy developing and adult brain. Vitamin D has important roles in proliferation and differentiation, calcium signaling within the brain, and neurotrophic and neuroprotective actio...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Groves NJ,McGrath JJ,Burne TH

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apart from being an important macronutrient, dietary fat has recently gained much prominence for its role in regulating gene expression. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect gene expression through various mechanisms including, but not limited to, changes in membrane composition, intracellular calcium levels, an...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Sampath H,Ntambi JM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is now recognized as a serious chronic disease, but there is pessimism about how successful treatment can be. A general perception is that almost no one succeeds in long-term maintenance of weight loss. To define long-term weight loss success, we need an accepted definition. We propose defining successful long...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wing RR,Hill JO

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selenium exerts its biological activity largely through selenoproteins, which contain the element in the form of selenocysteine. Five selenoproteins have been characterized in animal tissues and there is evidence that a number of others exist. Selenoprotein synthesis is a complex process that has been well characteriz...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Burk RF,Hill KE

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms involved in the digestion and absorption of dietary vitamin A require the participation of several proteins. Dietary retinyl esters are hydrolyzed in the intestine by the pancreatic enzyme, pancreatic triglyceride lipase, and intestinal brush border enzyme, phospholipase B. Unesterified retinol taken up by ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Harrison EH

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the recent resurgence of interest in the clinical uses of vitamin E, one of the major foci of attention has been the neurologic role of vitamin E in humans. Studies in patients with secondary vitamin E deficiency, caused by fat malabsorption disorders and total parenteral nutrition lacking an adequate supply of...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Sokol RJ

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Birth and adaptation to extrauterine life involve major shifts in the protein and energy metabolism of the human newborn. These include a shift from a state of continuous supply of nutrients including amino acids from the mother to cyclic periodic oral intake, a change in the redox state of organs, thermogenesis, and ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Kalhan SC,Bier DM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Emerging evidence suggests that ascorbate, the dominant form of vitamin C under physiological pH conditions, influences activity of the genome via regulating epigenomic processes. Ascorbate serves as a cofactor for Ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases that catalyze the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Young JI,Züchner S,Wang G

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A significant proportion of the population is either affected by or concerned about food allergy. Our knowledge about food allergens and how they stimulate the immune system has increased dramatically over the past decade. However, reasons for the increased prevalence of food allergy are not clear. The diagnosis of fo...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Lee LA,Burks AW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caloric restriction (CR), the consumption of fewer calories without malnutrition, and reduced insulin and/or IGFI receptor signaling delay many age-related physiological changes and extend the lifespan of many model organisms. Here, we present and review microarray and biochemical studies indicating that the potent an...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Spindler SR,Dhahbi JM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiologic and experimental evidence reviewed in this article emphasizes the complex and multifactorial etiology of endemic goiter. The important role of iodine deficiency as an etiologic factor in endemic goiter is firmly established, but there is evidence that other environmental factors can play an equally impor...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Gaitan E

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a great deal of interest in personalized, individualized, or precision interventions for disease and health-risk mitigation. This is as true of nutrition-based intervention and prevention strategies as it is for pharmacotherapies and pharmaceutical-oriented prevention strategies. Essentially, technological br...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Schork NJ,Goetz LH

更新日期：2017-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Nutrient content and nutrient timing are considered key regulators of human health and a variety of diseases and involve complex interactions with the mucosal immune system. In particular, the innate immune system is emerging as an important signaling hub that modulates the response to nutritional signals, in part via...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nobs SP,Zmora N,Elinav E

更新日期：2020-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipolysis of white adipose tissue triacylglycerol stores results in the liberation of glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids that are released into the vasculature for use by other organs as energy substrates. In response to changes in nutritional state, lipolysis rates are precisely regulated through hormonal and bio...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Duncan RE,Ahmadian M,Jaworski K,Sarkadi-Nagy E,Sul HS

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A full review of the strengths and limitations of the various methods used to define amino acid requirements is provided. The focus is on the recent development of carbon oxidation techniques such as indicator amino acid oxidation and 24-h amino acid balance to determine dietary indispensable (essential) amino acid ne...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Pencharz PB,Ball RO

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are many tumors that have paraneoplastic syndromes. Furthermore, location of certain tumors can result in very specific effects on the host, especially tumors in the hypothalamus, the intestinal tract, or the liver. Finally, tumors of the immune system can have significant distant consequences. However, from dir...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： van Eys J

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to taste bitter thiourea compounds, such as phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), is inherited. Polymorphisms in the bitter-taste receptor TAS2R38 explain the majority of phenotypic variation in the PROP phenotype. It has been hypothesized that the PROP phenotype is a marker for percep...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Keller KL,Adise S

更新日期：2016-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, nutritionally directed alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism appear to be adaptive and to serve important protective roles in the overall economy of the body. These adjustments to nutrition are found at practically every level of thyroid regulation, beginning in the CNS and ending with the final action...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Danforth E Jr,Burger AG

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholesterol and its metabolites play a variety of essential roles in living systems. Virtually all animal cells require cholesterol, which they acquire through synthesis or uptake, but only the liver can degrade cholesterol. The ABCA1 gene product regulates the rate-controlling step in the removal of cellular choleste...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Brunham LR,Singaraja RR,Hayden MR

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia develops in white adipose tissue in obese mice, resulting in changes in adipocyte function that may underpin the dysregulation that leads to obesity-associated disorders. Whether hypoxia occurs in adipose tissue in human obesity is unclear, with recent studies contradicting earlier reports that this was the ca...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Trayhurn P

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past, alcoholic liver disease was attributed exclusively to dietary deficiencies, but experimental and judicious clinical studies have now established alcohol's hepatotoxicity. Despite an adequate diet, it can contribute to the entire spectrum of liver diseases, mainly by generating oxidative stress through its...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Lieber CS

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Variants in the FADS gene cluster modify the activity of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) desaturation and the lipid composition in human blood and tissue. FADS variants have been associated with plasma lipid concentrations, risk of cardiovascular diseases, overweight, eczema, pregnancy outcomes, and cognitive functi...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Koletzko B,Reischl E,Tanjung C,Gonzalez-Casanova I,Ramakrishnan U,Meldrum S,Simmer K,Heinrich J,Demmelmair H

更新日期：2019-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The "fetal origins" hypothesis postulates that conditions, most likely nutritional, "program" the fetus for the development of chronic diseases in adulthood. Associations between the newborn's size at birth and various determinants or consequences of chronic diseases have been identified in many, but not all, of the a...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Rasmussen KM

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biosynthesis of one riboflavin molecule requires one molecule of GTP and two molecules of ribulose 5-phosphate as substrates. The imidazole ring of GTP is hydrolytically opened, yielding a 4, 5-diaminopyrimidine which is converted to 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2, 4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione by a sequence of deamination, ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Bacher A,Eberhardt S,Fischer M,Kis K,Richter G

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of dietary protein in weight loss and weight maintenance encompasses influences on crucial targets for body weight regulation, namely satiety, thermogenesis, energy efficiency, and body composition. Protein-induced satiety may be mainly due to oxidation of amino acids fed in excess, especially in diets with "...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Westerterp-Plantenga MS,Nieuwenhuizen A,Tomé D,Soenen S,Westerterp KR

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It appears that specific functions may be assigned to some of the cellular folate binding proteins with some degree of certainty. Those that are membrane bound or derived from membranes probably have a role in transport of folate molecules into the cell. This is in spite of the fact that the localization of this prote...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wagner C

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are modulated by the nutrients that replace them and their food matrices. Replacement of SFAs with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been associated with reduced CVD risk, although there is heterogeneity in both fatty acid categories. In co...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Siri-Tarino PW,Chiu S,Bergeron N,Krauss RM

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of the science underlying nutrition has come from biochemical studies. This certainly is true in our understanding of the metabolism and function of such micronutrient cofactors as vitamins and metal ions. My own interest stems from an early desire to understand the molecular events in an organism and ultimately ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： McCormick DB

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given their similar physiochemical properties, it is a logical postulate that iron and copper metabolism are intertwined. Indeed, iron-copper interactions were first documented over a century ago, but the homeostatic effects of one on the other has not been elucidated at a molecular level to date. Recent experimental ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Gulec S,Collins JF

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose is an essential nutrient for the human body. It is the major energy source for many cells, which depend on the bloodstream for a steady supply. Blood glucose levels, therefore, are carefully maintained. The liver plays a central role in this process by balancing the uptake and storage of glucose via glycogenes...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nordlie RC,Foster JD,Lange AJ

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00