Regulation of selenoproteins.

abstract：:The effects of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are modulated by the nutrients that replace them and their food matrices. Replacement of SFAs with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been associated with reduced CVD risk, although there is heterogeneity in both fatty acid categories. In co...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Siri-Tarino PW,Chiu S,Bergeron N,Krauss RM

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How much vitamin E is enough? An established use of supplemental vitamin E in humans is in the prevention and therapy of deficiency symptoms. The cause of vitamin E deficiency, characterized by peripheral neuropathy and ataxia, is usually malabsorption-a result of fat malabsorption or genetic abnormalities in lipoprot...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Traber MG,Sies H

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepcidin, a peptide hormone made in the liver, is the principal regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin controls plasma iron concentration and tissue distribution of iron by inhibiting intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling by macrophages, and iron mobilization from hepatic stores. Hepcidin acts by inhibi...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nemeth E,Ganz T

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary guidelines are formulated to meet minimum nutrient requirements, which prevent deficiencies and maintain health, growth, development, and function. These guidelines can be inadequate and contribute to disrupted homeostasis, lean body mass loss, and deteriorated performance in individuals who are working long, ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Pasiakos SM

更新日期：2020-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:This article catalogs the nutritional deficiencies inadvertently introduced by certain treatment regimens. Specifically, the iatrogenic effects on nutrition of surgery, hemodialysis, irradiation, and drugs are reviewed. Nutritional problems are particularly frequent consequences of surgery on the gastrointestinal tr...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Young RC,Blass JP

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are abundant intracellular proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids with high affinity. Nine separate mammalian FABPs have been identified, and their tertiary structures are highly conserved. The FABPs have unique tissue-specific distributions that have long suggested functional di...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Storch J,Corsico B

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Investigations into regulating metabolic pathways with stable isotopes have, over the past decade, undergone major development with the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry in studying labeling patterns of newly synthesized biomolecules. In this review, we concentrate on investigations of mass isoto...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Brunengraber H,Kelleher JK,Des Rosiers C

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apart from being an important macronutrient, dietary fat has recently gained much prominence for its role in regulating gene expression. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect gene expression through various mechanisms including, but not limited to, changes in membrane composition, intracellular calcium levels, an...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Sampath H,Ntambi JM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Birth and adaptation to extrauterine life involve major shifts in the protein and energy metabolism of the human newborn. These include a shift from a state of continuous supply of nutrients including amino acids from the mother to cyclic periodic oral intake, a change in the redox state of organs, thermogenesis, and ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Kalhan SC,Bier DM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It appears that specific functions may be assigned to some of the cellular folate binding proteins with some degree of certainty. Those that are membrane bound or derived from membranes probably have a role in transport of folate molecules into the cell. This is in spite of the fact that the localization of this prote...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wagner C

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thirty years ago, it was suggested that maternal intake of certain vitamins during pregnancy affected the incidence of serious fetal malformations. Subsequent research has revealed that folate (folic acid), a B vitamin, plays a crucial role in the development of the central nervous system during the early weeks of ges...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Butterworth CE Jr,Bendich A

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone minerals and vitamin D are crucial for infants and small children. Human milk has little vitamin D, and supplemental vitamin D must be given to all infants either via drops or as contained in infant formula or foods. The calcium and phosphorus in human milk are adequate for infants in the first six months of life...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Abrams SA

更新日期：2011-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Taste is a chemical sense that aids in the detection of nutrients and guides food choice. A limited number of primary qualities comprise taste. Accumulating evidence has raised a question about whether fat should be among them. Most evidence indicates triacylglycerol is not an effective taste stimulus, though it clear...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Mattes RD

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans fatty acids raise plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in volunteers when exchanged for cis unsaturated fatty acids in the diet. In addition, trans fatty acids may lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and raise triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) levels in plasma. Trans and cis ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Katan MB,Zock PL,Mensink RP

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia develops in white adipose tissue in obese mice, resulting in changes in adipocyte function that may underpin the dysregulation that leads to obesity-associated disorders. Whether hypoxia occurs in adipose tissue in human obesity is unclear, with recent studies contradicting earlier reports that this was the ca...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Trayhurn P

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than one million Americans were expected to be diagnosed with cancer in 2003 (7a). Compelling experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence indicates that many cancers are preventable, especially because diet and nutrition are key factors in the modulation of cancer risk. The road to nutritional interventi...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Forman MR,Hursting SD,Umar A,Barrett JC

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past, alcoholic liver disease was attributed exclusively to dietary deficiencies, but experimental and judicious clinical studies have now established alcohol's hepatotoxicity. Despite an adequate diet, it can contribute to the entire spectrum of liver diseases, mainly by generating oxidative stress through its...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Lieber CS

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is now recognized as a serious chronic disease, but there is pessimism about how successful treatment can be. A general perception is that almost no one succeeds in long-term maintenance of weight loss. To define long-term weight loss success, we need an accepted definition. We propose defining successful long...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wing RR,Hill JO

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in the knowledge of iron metabolism underscore its complex relationship to overall cell metabolism. One of the key components of the iron uptake and storage pathway is ferritin, a protein that sequesters iron in a nontoxic form. Ferritin synthesis is translationally regulated by iron. Molecules such as...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Mascotti DP,Rup D,Thach RE

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The "fetal origins" hypothesis postulates that conditions, most likely nutritional, "program" the fetus for the development of chronic diseases in adulthood. Associations between the newborn's size at birth and various determinants or consequences of chronic diseases have been identified in many, but not all, of the a...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Rasmussen KM

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The health benefits of pre- and probiotics have been the subject of increased research interests. These food supplements have been demonstrated to alter the pre-existing intestinal flora so as to provide an advantage to the host. This review focuses on the scientific evidence both for and against their role in promoti...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Teitelbaum JE,Walker WA

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recognition that mitochondria participate in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism grew out of pioneering work beginning in the 1950s from the laboratories of D.M. Greenberg, C.G. Mackenzie, and G. Kikuchi. These studies revealed mitochondria as the site of oxidation of one-carbon donors such as serine, glycine, s...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Tibbetts AS,Appling DR

更新日期：2010-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Caloric restriction (CR), the consumption of fewer calories without malnutrition, and reduced insulin and/or IGFI receptor signaling delay many age-related physiological changes and extend the lifespan of many model organisms. Here, we present and review microarray and biochemical studies indicating that the potent an...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Spindler SR,Dhahbi JM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field of nutrigenomics shows tremendous promise for improved understanding of the effects of dietary intake on health. The knowledge that metabolic pathways may be altered in individuals with genetic variants in the presence of certain dietary exposures offers great potential for personalized nutrition advice. How...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Tucker KL,Smith CE,Lai CQ,Ordovas JM

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDL-R) family consists of cell-surface receptors that recognize extracellular ligands and internalize them for degradation by lysosomes. The LDL-R is the prototype of this family, which also contains very-low-density lipoprotein receptors (VLDL-R), apolipoprotein E receptor ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Hussain MM,Strickland DK,Bakillah A

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipolysis of white adipose tissue triacylglycerol stores results in the liberation of glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids that are released into the vasculature for use by other organs as energy substrates. In response to changes in nutritional state, lipolysis rates are precisely regulated through hormonal and bio...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Duncan RE,Ahmadian M,Jaworski K,Sarkadi-Nagy E,Sul HS

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dietary proteins and amino acids are important modulators of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Although high intake of dietary proteins has positive effects on energy homeostasis by inducing satiety and possibly increasing energy expenditure, it has detrimental effects on glucose homeostasis by promoting ins...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Tremblay F,Lavigne C,Jacques H,Marette A

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Variants in the FADS gene cluster modify the activity of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) desaturation and the lipid composition in human blood and tissue. FADS variants have been associated with plasma lipid concentrations, risk of cardiovascular diseases, overweight, eczema, pregnancy outcomes, and cognitive functi...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Koletzko B,Reischl E,Tanjung C,Gonzalez-Casanova I,Ramakrishnan U,Meldrum S,Simmer K,Heinrich J,Demmelmair H

更新日期：2019-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Tentative qualitative and quantitative amino acid requirements have been reported for the major species of fish reared for market or as replacement stocks for natural waters. Most work has concentrated upon juvenile fish or upon rapidly growing young market fish; these have high protein dietary requirements (30-50%) t...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wilson RP

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A full review of the strengths and limitations of the various methods used to define amino acid requirements is provided. The focus is on the recent development of carbon oxidation techniques such as indicator amino acid oxidation and 24-h amino acid balance to determine dietary indispensable (essential) amino acid ne...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Pencharz PB,Ball RO

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00