Abstract:
:It appears that specific functions may be assigned to some of the cellular folate binding proteins with some degree of certainty. Those that are membrane bound or derived from membranes probably have a role in transport of folate molecules into the cell. This is in spite of the fact that the localization of this protein to the plasma membrane has been carried out in only a limited number of cases. The role of the folate binding protein of L. casei in transport is much clearer. Bacteria provide the opportunity to obtain mutants defective in both transport and binding, and such mutants are more difficult to obtain with mammalian cell lines. The intracellular folate binding proteins have been discovered so far only in liver. The fact that the folate binding proteins in rat liver mitochondria are two enzymes, dimethylglycine dehydrogenase and sarcosine dehydrogenase, suggests that enzyme activities may eventually be discovered for the other intracellular folate binding proteins. This may not possible, however, and a reasonably strong case has been made that the folate binding protein of cytosol, FBP-CII, serves in a storage role. Such a storage role is difficult to prove since it depends, in part, on the demonstration that the protein becomes progressively less saturated during deficiency--a situation true also for enzymes.
journal_name
Annu Rev Nutrjournal_title
Annual review of nutritionauthors
Wagner Cdoi
10.1146/annurev.nu.02.070182.001305subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-01-01 00:00:00pages
229-48eissn
0199-9885issn
1545-4312journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Glucose is an essential nutrient for the human body. It is the major energy source for many cells, which depend on the bloodstream for a steady supply. Blood glucose levels, therefore, are carefully maintained. The liver plays a central role in this process by balancing the uptake and storage of glucose via glycogenes...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.379
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The field of nutrigenomics shows tremendous promise for improved understanding of the effects of dietary intake on health. The knowledge that metabolic pathways may be altered in individuals with genetic variants in the presence of certain dietary exposures offers great potential for personalized nutrition advice. How...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-072610-145203
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary guidelines are formulated to meet minimum nutrient requirements, which prevent deficiencies and maintain health, growth, development, and function. These guidelines can be inadequate and contribute to disrupted homeostasis, lean body mass loss, and deteriorated performance in individuals who are working long, ...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-011720-122637
更新日期:2020-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Investigations into regulating metabolic pathways with stable isotopes have, over the past decade, undergone major development with the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry in studying labeling patterns of newly synthesized biomolecules. In this review, we concentrate on investigations of mass isoto...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.559
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic and experimental evidence reviewed in this article emphasizes the complex and multifactorial etiology of endemic goiter. The important role of iodine deficiency as an etiologic factor in endemic goiter is firmly established, but there is evidence that other environmental factors can play an equally impor...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.10.070190.000321
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variants in the FADS gene cluster modify the activity of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) desaturation and the lipid composition in human blood and tissue. FADS variants have been associated with plasma lipid concentrations, risk of cardiovascular diseases, overweight, eczema, pregnancy outcomes, and cognitive functi...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124250
更新日期:2019-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::How much vitamin E is enough? An established use of supplemental vitamin E in humans is in the prevention and therapy of deficiency symptoms. The cause of vitamin E deficiency, characterized by peripheral neuropathy and ataxia, is usually malabsorption-a result of fat malabsorption or genetic abnormalities in lipoprot...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.001541
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone minerals and vitamin D are crucial for infants and small children. Human milk has little vitamin D, and supplemental vitamin D must be given to all infants either via drops or as contained in infant formula or foods. The calcium and phosphorus in human milk are adequate for infants in the first six months of life...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-072610-145216
更新日期:2011-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::The health benefits of pre- and probiotics have been the subject of increased research interests. These food supplements have been demonstrated to alter the pre-existing intestinal flora so as to provide an advantage to the host. This review focuses on the scientific evidence both for and against their role in promoti...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.110901.145412
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of multiple selenoproteins has raised tantalizing questions about their role in maintaining normal cellular function. Unfortunately, many of these remain inadequately investigated. While they have a role in maintaining redox balance, other functions are becoming increasingly recognized. As the roles of t...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071811-150740
更新日期:2012-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::Hepcidin, a peptide hormone made in the liver, is the principal regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin controls plasma iron concentration and tissue distribution of iron by inhibiting intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling by macrophages, and iron mobilization from hepatic stores. Hepcidin acts by inhibi...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111303
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biosynthesis of one riboflavin molecule requires one molecule of GTP and two molecules of ribulose 5-phosphate as substrates. The imidazole ring of GTP is hydrolytically opened, yielding a 4, 5-diaminopyrimidine which is converted to 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2, 4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione by a sequence of deamination, ...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.153
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some of us who were born in the middle of Europe between World Wars I and II had to face quite a few unusual challenges that we all met in different ways. I was born and raised in Prague, Czechoslovakia, a country at the time of my birth that was governed by a Western style of democracy, which was later destroyed by t...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073155
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A significant proportion of the population is either affected by or concerned about food allergy. Our knowledge about food allergens and how they stimulate the immune system has increased dramatically over the past decade. However, reasons for the increased prevalence of food allergy are not clear. The diagnosis of fo...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111211
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::High sugar intake may increase cancer risk by promoting insulin-glucose dysregulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and body adiposity, but epidemiologic evidence is unclear. Associations between dietary sugars and lifestyle-related cancer risk from longitudinal studies were evaluated. We systematically searched Pu...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051805
更新日期:2018-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::Much of the science underlying nutrition has come from biochemical studies. This certainly is true in our understanding of the metabolism and function of such micronutrient cofactors as vitamins and metal ions. My own interest stems from an early desire to understand the molecular events in an organism and ultimately ...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.120203.113511
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholesterol and its metabolites play a variety of essential roles in living systems. Virtually all animal cells require cholesterol, which they acquire through synthesis or uptake, but only the liver can degrade cholesterol. The ABCA1 gene product regulates the rate-controlling step in the removal of cellular choleste...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111214
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-chain fatty acids are involved in all aspects of cellular structure and function. For controlling amounts of fatty acids, cells are endowed with two acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) systems. ACC-alpha is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biogenesis of long-chain fatty acids, and ACC-beta is believed to control m...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.77
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In summary, nutritionally directed alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism appear to be adaptive and to serve important protective roles in the overall economy of the body. These adjustments to nutrition are found at practically every level of thyroid regulation, beginning in the CNS and ending with the final action...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.09.070189.001221
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apart from being an important macronutrient, dietary fat has recently gained much prominence for its role in regulating gene expression. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect gene expression through various mechanisms including, but not limited to, changes in membrane composition, intracellular calcium levels, an...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.051804.101917
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDL-R) family consists of cell-surface receptors that recognize extracellular ligands and internalize them for degradation by lysosomes. The LDL-R is the prototype of this family, which also contains very-low-density lipoprotein receptors (VLDL-R), apolipoprotein E receptor ...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.141
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selenium exerts its biological activity largely through selenoproteins, which contain the element in the form of selenocysteine. Five selenoproteins have been characterized in animal tissues and there is evidence that a number of others exist. Selenoprotein synthesis is a complex process that has been well characteriz...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.13.070193.000433
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is clear that many diseases are known to involve defects in vitamin B6 metabolism, but that even more await definitive studies. Furthermore, some functions of vitamin B6, such as its role in glucocorticoid action (21), have been discovered so recently that the medical implications have not yet been fully explored. ...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.07.070187.001033
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The International Agency for Research on Cancer recently released an assessment classifying red and processed meat as "carcinogenic to humans" on the basis of the positive association between increased consumption and risk for colorectal cancer. Diet, however, can also decrease the risk for colorectal cancer and be us...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-051039
更新日期:2016-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Research on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) has received much attention in recent years. However, it started about a century ago with the observation that oligosaccharides might be growth factors for a so-called bifidus flora in breast-fed infants and extends to the recent finding of cell adhesion molecules in huma...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.699
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are many tumors that have paraneoplastic syndromes. Furthermore, location of certain tumors can result in very specific effects on the host, especially tumors in the hypothalamus, the intestinal tract, or the liver. Finally, tumors of the immune system can have significant distant consequences. However, from dir...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.05.070185.002251
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Taste is a chemical sense that aids in the detection of nutrients and guides food choice. A limited number of primary qualities comprise taste. Accumulating evidence has raised a question about whether fat should be among them. Most evidence indicates triacylglycerol is not an effective taste stimulus, though it clear...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-080508-141108
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of dietary protein in weight loss and weight maintenance encompasses influences on crucial targets for body weight regulation, namely satiety, thermogenesis, energy efficiency, and body composition. Protein-induced satiety may be mainly due to oxidation of amino acids fed in excess, especially in diets with "...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-080508-141056
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given their similar physiochemical properties, it is a logical postulate that iron and copper metabolism are intertwined. Indeed, iron-copper interactions were first documented over a century ago, but the homeostatic effects of one on the other has not been elucidated at a molecular level to date. Recent experimental ...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161215
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of several viral infections, including hepatitis, influenza, and AIDS. Dietary oxidative stress due to either selenium or vitamin E deficiency increases cardiac damage in mice infected with a myocarditic strain of coxsackievirus B3. Such dietary oxidative stress also ...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.18.1.93
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00