On becoming a nutritional biochemist.

Abstract:

:Much of the science underlying nutrition has come from biochemical studies. This certainly is true in our understanding of the metabolism and function of such micronutrient cofactors as vitamins and metal ions. My own interest stems from an early desire to understand the molecular events in an organism and ultimately to know the fate of those nutrients that are needed to maintain life. My training in chemistry, biochemistry, and nutrition was helpful in gaining knowledge about the interface among these disciplines. My interests followed an understandable trail, beginning with those factors that cause plant galls and continuing through carbohydrate metabolism to vitamins. After all, from studying such pentitols as ribitol with Professor Touster at Vanderbilt University through indoctrination with enzymes, vitamins, and coenzymes with Professor Snell at the University of California-Berkeley, it was rational to begin my independent academic life investigating the enzymes that convert a ribityl-containing vitamin, namely riboflavin, to its operational flavocoenzymes. While at Cornell University, I encountered Professor Wright, who shared an interest in biotin. My realization that there was a similar need to determine the metabolism of lipoate followed logically. Interactions with inorganic chemists such as Professor Sigel at Basel University, as well as inorganic chemists at Cornell, led to an interest in metal ions. As summarized in this article, my colleagues and I are pleased to have contributed to both basic knowledge about cofactors and to have utilized much of this information in extensions to applications. Along the way, I have served by teaching, researching, and administrating at the universities that provided my positions in academe, and I have worked to share the load of numerous public and professional duties that are summarized herein. Altogether it has been an enjoyable career to be a nutritional biochemist. I recommend it for those who follow.

journal_name

Annu Rev Nutr

authors

McCormick DB

doi

10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.120203.113511

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-01-01 00:00:00

pages

1-11

eissn

0199-9885

issn

1545-4312

journal_volume

24

pub_type

传,历史文章,杂志文章
  • Regulation of glucose production by the liver.

    abstract::Glucose is an essential nutrient for the human body. It is the major energy source for many cells, which depend on the bloodstream for a steady supply. Blood glucose levels, therefore, are carefully maintained. The liver plays a central role in this process by balancing the uptake and storage of glucose via glycogenes...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.379

    authors: Nordlie RC,Foster JD,Lange AJ

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • Compartmentalization of Mammalian folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism.

    abstract::The recognition that mitochondria participate in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism grew out of pioneering work beginning in the 1950s from the laboratories of D.M. Greenberg, C.G. Mackenzie, and G. Kikuchi. These studies revealed mitochondria as the site of oxidation of one-carbon donors such as serine, glycine, s...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104810

    authors: Tibbetts AS,Appling DR

    更新日期:2010-08-21 00:00:00

  • Nutrition and cancer: physiological interrelationships.

    abstract::There are many tumors that have paraneoplastic syndromes. Furthermore, location of certain tumors can result in very specific effects on the host, especially tumors in the hypothalamus, the intestinal tract, or the liver. Finally, tumors of the immune system can have significant distant consequences. However, from dir...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.05.070185.002251

    authors: van Eys J

    更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00

  • Biosynthesis of vitamin b2 (riboflavin).

    abstract::The biosynthesis of one riboflavin molecule requires one molecule of GTP and two molecules of ribulose 5-phosphate as substrates. The imidazole ring of GTP is hydrolytically opened, yielding a 4, 5-diaminopyrimidine which is converted to 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2, 4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione by a sequence of deamination, ...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.153

    authors: Bacher A,Eberhardt S,Fischer M,Kis K,Richter G

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Nitrogen cycling in the gut.

    abstract::This review examines the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in the utilization of nitrogen, the identities of the nitrogenous substances entering and leaving the gut, and the significance of this recycling in the overall nitrogen economy of the body. It is concerned with nonruminant mammals, including man. ...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.18.1.385

    authors: Fuller MF,Reeds PJ

    更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00

  • Micronutrients, birth weight, and survival.

    abstract::Maternal micronutrient requirements during pregnancy increase to meet the physiologic changes in gestation and fetal demands for growth and development. Maternal micronutrient deficiencies are high and coexist in many settings, likely influencing birth and newborn outcomes. The only recommendation for pregnancy curren...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104813

    authors: Christian P

    更新日期:2010-08-21 00:00:00

  • Bioactive compounds in nutrition and health-research methodologies for establishing biological function: the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids on atherosclerosis.

    abstract::Identifying bioactive compounds and establishing their health effects are active areas of scientific inquiry. There are exciting prospects that select bioactive compounds will reduce the risk of many diseases, including chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Recent findings have established that cardiovascul...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073237

    authors: Kris-Etherton PM,Lefevre M,Beecher GR,Gross MD,Keen CL,Etherton TD

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Regulation of iron metabolism by hepcidin.

    abstract::Hepcidin, a peptide hormone made in the liver, is the principal regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin controls plasma iron concentration and tissue distribution of iron by inhibiting intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling by macrophages, and iron mobilization from hepatic stores. Hepcidin acts by inhibi...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111303

    authors: Nemeth E,Ganz T

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Mechanisms of digestion and absorption of dietary vitamin A.

    abstract::Mechanisms involved in the digestion and absorption of dietary vitamin A require the participation of several proteins. Dietary retinyl esters are hydrolyzed in the intestine by the pancreatic enzyme, pancreatic triglyceride lipase, and intestinal brush border enzyme, phospholipase B. Unesterified retinol taken up by ...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092614

    authors: Harrison EH

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Nutrition Regulates Innate Immunity in Health and Disease.

    abstract::Nutrient content and nutrient timing are considered key regulators of human health and a variety of diseases and involve complex interactions with the mucosal immune system. In particular, the innate immune system is emerging as an important signaling hub that modulates the response to nutritional signals, in part via...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-120919-094440

    authors: Nobs SP,Zmora N,Elinav E

    更新日期:2020-09-23 00:00:00

  • Nutrition and cancer prevention: a multidisciplinary perspective on human trials.

    abstract::More than one million Americans were expected to be diagnosed with cancer in 2003 (7a). Compelling experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence indicates that many cancers are preventable, especially because diet and nutrition are key factors in the modulation of cancer risk. The road to nutritional interventi...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132315

    authors: Forman MR,Hursting SD,Umar A,Barrett JC

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • The Neurobiology of "Food Addiction" and Its Implications for Obesity Treatment and Policy.

    abstract::There is a growing view that certain foods, particularly those high in refined sugars and fats, are addictive and that some forms of obesity can usefully be treated as a food addiction. This perspective is supported by a growing body of neuroscience research demonstrating that the chronic consumption of energy-dense f...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050909

    authors: Carter A,Hendrikse J,Lee N,Yücel M,Verdejo-Garcia A,Andrews ZB,Hall W

    更新日期:2016-07-17 00:00:00

  • Protein and amino acid requirements of fishes.

    abstract::Tentative qualitative and quantitative amino acid requirements have been reported for the major species of fish reared for market or as replacement stocks for natural waters. Most work has concentrated upon juvenile fish or upon rapidly growing young market fish; these have high protein dietary requirements (30-50%) t...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.06.070186.001301

    authors: Wilson RP

    更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00

  • Protein and amino acid metabolism in the human newborn.

    abstract::Birth and adaptation to extrauterine life involve major shifts in the protein and energy metabolism of the human newborn. These include a shift from a state of continuous supply of nutrients including amino acids from the mother to cyclic periodic oral intake, a change in the redox state of organs, thermogenesis, and ...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155333

    authors: Kalhan SC,Bier DM

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • The role of calcium in osteoporosis.

    abstract::Calcium requirements may vary throughout the lifespan. During the growth years and up to age 25-30, it is important to maximize dietary intake of calcium to maintain positive calcium balance and achieve peak bone mass, thereby possibly decreasing the risk of fracture when bone is subsequently lost. The RDA for age 10-...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.10.070190.002145

    authors: Arnaud CD,Sanchez SD

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Rough and rocky road to the retinoid revolution.

    abstract::Some of us who were born in the middle of Europe between World Wars I and II had to face quite a few unusual challenges that we all met in different ways. I was born and raised in Prague, Czechoslovakia, a country at the time of my birth that was governed by a Western style of democracy, which was later destroyed by t...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073155

    authors: Chytil F

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Different approaches to define individual amino acid requirements.

    abstract::A full review of the strengths and limitations of the various methods used to define amino acid requirements is provided. The focus is on the recent development of carbon oxidation techniques such as indicator amino acid oxidation and 24-h amino acid balance to determine dietary indispensable (essential) amino acid ne...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073247

    authors: Pencharz PB,Ball RO

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Vitamin D as a neurosteroid affecting the developing and adult brain.

    abstract::Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent throughout the world, and growing evidence supports a requirement for optimal vitamin D levels for the healthy developing and adult brain. Vitamin D has important roles in proliferation and differentiation, calcium signaling within the brain, and neurotrophic and neuroprotective actio...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071813-105557

    authors: Groves NJ,McGrath JJ,Burne TH

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Iatrogenic nutritional deficiencies.

    abstract::This article catalogs the nutritional deficiencies inadvertently introduced by certain treatment regimens. Specifically, the iatrogenic effects on nutrition of surgery, hemodialysis, irradiation, and drugs are reviewed. Nutritional problems are particularly frequent consequences of surgery on the gastrointestinal tr...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.02.070182.001221

    authors: Young RC,Blass JP

    更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00

  • Trans fatty acids and their effects on lipoproteins in humans.

    abstract::Trans fatty acids raise plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in volunteers when exchanged for cis unsaturated fatty acids in the diet. In addition, trans fatty acids may lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and raise triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) levels in plasma. Trans and cis ...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.15.070195.002353

    authors: Katan MB,Zock PL,Mensink RP

    更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00

  • ALCOHOL: its metabolism and interaction with nutrients.

    abstract::In the past, alcoholic liver disease was attributed exclusively to dietary deficiencies, but experimental and judicious clinical studies have now established alcohol's hepatotoxicity. Despite an adequate diet, it can contribute to the entire spectrum of liver diseases, mainly by generating oxidative stress through its...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.395

    authors: Lieber CS

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Saturated Fats Versus Polyunsaturated Fats Versus Carbohydrates for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment.

    abstract::The effects of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are modulated by the nutrients that replace them and their food matrices. Replacement of SFAs with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been associated with reduced CVD risk, although there is heterogeneity in both fatty acid categories. In co...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071714-034449

    authors: Siri-Tarino PW,Chiu S,Bergeron N,Krauss RM

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • The role of vitamin A in mammalian reproduction and embryonic development.

    abstract::Since the late 1980s, there has been an explosion of information on the molecular mechanisms and functions of vitamin A. This review focuses on the essential role of vitamin A in female reproduction and embryonic development and the metabolism of vitamin A (retinol) that results in these functions. Evidence strongly s...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.010402.102745E

    authors: Clagett-Dame M,DeLuca HF

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Food allergies: prevalence, molecular characterization, and treatment/prevention strategies.

    abstract::A significant proportion of the population is either affected by or concerned about food allergy. Our knowledge about food allergens and how they stimulate the immune system has increased dramatically over the past decade. However, reasons for the increased prevalence of food allergy are not clear. The diagnosis of fo...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111211

    authors: Lee LA,Burks AW

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of genes of lipid metabolism.

    abstract::Apart from being an important macronutrient, dietary fat has recently gained much prominence for its role in regulating gene expression. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect gene expression through various mechanisms including, but not limited to, changes in membrane composition, intracellular calcium levels, an...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.051804.101917

    authors: Sampath H,Ntambi JM

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Goitrogens in food and water.

    abstract::Epidemiologic and experimental evidence reviewed in this article emphasizes the complex and multifactorial etiology of endemic goiter. The important role of iodine deficiency as an etiologic factor in endemic goiter is firmly established, but there is evidence that other environmental factors can play an equally impor...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.10.070190.000321

    authors: Gaitan E

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic Risk Factors for Folate-Responsive Neural Tube Defects.

    abstract::Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most severe congenital malformations of the central nervous system. The etiology is complex, with both genetic and environmental factors having important contributions. Researchers have known for the past two decades that maternal periconceptional use of the B vitamin folic acid can ...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071714-034235

    authors: Molloy AM,Pangilinan F,Brody LC

    更新日期:2017-08-21 00:00:00

  • The "fetal origins" hypothesis: challenges and opportunities for maternal and child nutrition.

    abstract::The "fetal origins" hypothesis postulates that conditions, most likely nutritional, "program" the fetus for the development of chronic diseases in adulthood. Associations between the newborn's size at birth and various determinants or consequences of chronic diseases have been identified in many, but not all, of the a...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.21.1.73

    authors: Rasmussen KM

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Vitamin E deficiency and neurologic disease.

    abstract::During the recent resurgence of interest in the clinical uses of vitamin E, one of the major foci of attention has been the neurologic role of vitamin E in humans. Studies in patients with secondary vitamin E deficiency, caused by fat malabsorption disorders and total parenteral nutrition lacking an adequate supply of...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.08.070188.002031

    authors: Sokol RJ

    更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00

  • Association of maternal obesity before conception with poor lactation performance.

    abstract::The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence for a link between maternal obesity and poor lactation performance. In nonhuman species, excess maternal fatness is deleterious for lactation and also for maternal health and survival. These effects occur during pregnancy and as milk production is beginning. The...

    journal_title:Annual review of nutrition

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093738

    authors: Rasmussen KM

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00