Nutritional impact of pre- and probiotics as protective gastrointestinal organisms.

abstract：:Selenium exerts its biological activity largely through selenoproteins, which contain the element in the form of selenocysteine. Five selenoproteins have been characterized in animal tissues and there is evidence that a number of others exist. Selenoprotein synthesis is a complex process that has been well characteriz...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Burk RF,Hill KE

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepcidin, a peptide hormone made in the liver, is the principal regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin controls plasma iron concentration and tissue distribution of iron by inhibiting intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling by macrophages, and iron mobilization from hepatic stores. Hepcidin acts by inhibi...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nemeth E,Ganz T

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of dietary protein in weight loss and weight maintenance encompasses influences on crucial targets for body weight regulation, namely satiety, thermogenesis, energy efficiency, and body composition. Protein-induced satiety may be mainly due to oxidation of amino acids fed in excess, especially in diets with "...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Westerterp-Plantenga MS,Nieuwenhuizen A,Tomé D,Soenen S,Westerterp KR

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Variants in the FADS gene cluster modify the activity of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) desaturation and the lipid composition in human blood and tissue. FADS variants have been associated with plasma lipid concentrations, risk of cardiovascular diseases, overweight, eczema, pregnancy outcomes, and cognitive functi...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Koletzko B,Reischl E,Tanjung C,Gonzalez-Casanova I,Ramakrishnan U,Meldrum S,Simmer K,Heinrich J,Demmelmair H

更新日期：2019-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past, alcoholic liver disease was attributed exclusively to dietary deficiencies, but experimental and judicious clinical studies have now established alcohol's hepatotoxicity. Despite an adequate diet, it can contribute to the entire spectrum of liver diseases, mainly by generating oxidative stress through its...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Lieber CS

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone minerals and vitamin D are crucial for infants and small children. Human milk has little vitamin D, and supplemental vitamin D must be given to all infants either via drops or as contained in infant formula or foods. The calcium and phosphorus in human milk are adequate for infants in the first six months of life...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Abrams SA

更新日期：2011-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Investigations into regulating metabolic pathways with stable isotopes have, over the past decade, undergone major development with the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry in studying labeling patterns of newly synthesized biomolecules. In this review, we concentrate on investigations of mass isoto...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Brunengraber H,Kelleher JK,Des Rosiers C

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thirty years ago, it was suggested that maternal intake of certain vitamins during pregnancy affected the incidence of serious fetal malformations. Subsequent research has revealed that folate (folic acid), a B vitamin, plays a crucial role in the development of the central nervous system during the early weeks of ges...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Butterworth CE Jr,Bendich A

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A significant proportion of the population is either affected by or concerned about food allergy. Our knowledge about food allergens and how they stimulate the immune system has increased dramatically over the past decade. However, reasons for the increased prevalence of food allergy are not clear. The diagnosis of fo...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Lee LA,Burks AW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The "fetal origins" hypothesis postulates that conditions, most likely nutritional, "program" the fetus for the development of chronic diseases in adulthood. Associations between the newborn's size at birth and various determinants or consequences of chronic diseases have been identified in many, but not all, of the a...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Rasmussen KM

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are abundant intracellular proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids with high affinity. Nine separate mammalian FABPs have been identified, and their tertiary structures are highly conserved. The FABPs have unique tissue-specific distributions that have long suggested functional di...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Storch J,Corsico B

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipolysis of white adipose tissue triacylglycerol stores results in the liberation of glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids that are released into the vasculature for use by other organs as energy substrates. In response to changes in nutritional state, lipolysis rates are precisely regulated through hormonal and bio...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Duncan RE,Ahmadian M,Jaworski K,Sarkadi-Nagy E,Sul HS

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review examines the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in the utilization of nitrogen, the identities of the nitrogenous substances entering and leaving the gut, and the significance of this recycling in the overall nitrogen economy of the body. It is concerned with nonruminant mammals, including man. ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Fuller MF,Reeds PJ

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is now recognized as a serious chronic disease, but there is pessimism about how successful treatment can be. A general perception is that almost no one succeeds in long-term maintenance of weight loss. To define long-term weight loss success, we need an accepted definition. We propose defining successful long...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wing RR,Hill JO

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field of nutrigenomics shows tremendous promise for improved understanding of the effects of dietary intake on health. The knowledge that metabolic pathways may be altered in individuals with genetic variants in the presence of certain dietary exposures offers great potential for personalized nutrition advice. How...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Tucker KL,Smith CE,Lai CQ,Ordovas JM

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than one million Americans were expected to be diagnosed with cancer in 2003 (7a). Compelling experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence indicates that many cancers are preventable, especially because diet and nutrition are key factors in the modulation of cancer risk. The road to nutritional interventi...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Forman MR,Hursting SD,Umar A,Barrett JC

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium requirements may vary throughout the lifespan. During the growth years and up to age 25-30, it is important to maximize dietary intake of calcium to maintain positive calcium balance and achieve peak bone mass, thereby possibly decreasing the risk of fracture when bone is subsequently lost. The RDA for age 10-...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Arnaud CD,Sanchez SD

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research describing fatty acids as modulators of inflammation and immune responses abounds. Many of these studies have focused on one particular group of fatty acids, omega-3. The data from animal studies have shown that these fatty acids can have powerful anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities in a wide ar...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Fritsche K

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose is an essential nutrient for the human body. It is the major energy source for many cells, which depend on the bloodstream for a steady supply. Blood glucose levels, therefore, are carefully maintained. The liver plays a central role in this process by balancing the uptake and storage of glucose via glycogenes...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nordlie RC,Foster JD,Lange AJ

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, nutritionally directed alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism appear to be adaptive and to serve important protective roles in the overall economy of the body. These adjustments to nutrition are found at practically every level of thyroid regulation, beginning in the CNS and ending with the final action...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Danforth E Jr,Burger AG

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Taste is a chemical sense that aids in the detection of nutrients and guides food choice. A limited number of primary qualities comprise taste. Accumulating evidence has raised a question about whether fat should be among them. Most evidence indicates triacylglycerol is not an effective taste stimulus, though it clear...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Mattes RD

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maternal micronutrient requirements during pregnancy increase to meet the physiologic changes in gestation and fetal demands for growth and development. Maternal micronutrient deficiencies are high and coexist in many settings, likely influencing birth and newborn outcomes. The only recommendation for pregnancy curren...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Christian P

更新日期：2010-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans fatty acids raise plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in volunteers when exchanged for cis unsaturated fatty acids in the diet. In addition, trans fatty acids may lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and raise triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) levels in plasma. Trans and cis ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Katan MB,Zock PL,Mensink RP

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caloric restriction (CR), the consumption of fewer calories without malnutrition, and reduced insulin and/or IGFI receptor signaling delay many age-related physiological changes and extend the lifespan of many model organisms. Here, we present and review microarray and biochemical studies indicating that the potent an...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Spindler SR,Dhahbi JM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence for a link between maternal obesity and poor lactation performance. In nonhuman species, excess maternal fatness is deleterious for lactation and also for maternal health and survival. These effects occur during pregnancy and as milk production is beginning. The...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Rasmussen KM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recognition that mitochondria participate in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism grew out of pioneering work beginning in the 1950s from the laboratories of D.M. Greenberg, C.G. Mackenzie, and G. Kikuchi. These studies revealed mitochondria as the site of oxidation of one-carbon donors such as serine, glycine, s...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Tibbetts AS,Appling DR

更新日期：2010-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:How much vitamin E is enough? An established use of supplemental vitamin E in humans is in the prevention and therapy of deficiency symptoms. The cause of vitamin E deficiency, characterized by peripheral neuropathy and ataxia, is usually malabsorption-a result of fat malabsorption or genetic abnormalities in lipoprot...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Traber MG,Sies H

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tentative qualitative and quantitative amino acid requirements have been reported for the major species of fish reared for market or as replacement stocks for natural waters. Most work has concentrated upon juvenile fish or upon rapidly growing young market fish; these have high protein dietary requirements (30-50%) t...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wilson RP

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Iron deficiency in early life is associated with delayed development as assessed by a number of clinical trials using similar global scales of development; this poor development during infancy persists in most cases after iron therapy has corrected iron status. If iron deficiency occurs in preschool and older children...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Beard JL,Connor JR

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiologic and experimental evidence reviewed in this article emphasizes the complex and multifactorial etiology of endemic goiter. The important role of iodine deficiency as an etiologic factor in endemic goiter is firmly established, but there is evidence that other environmental factors can play an equally impor...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Gaitan E

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00