Abstract:
:A full review of the strengths and limitations of the various methods used to define amino acid requirements is provided. The focus is on the recent development of carbon oxidation techniques such as indicator amino acid oxidation and 24-h amino acid balance to determine dietary indispensable (essential) amino acid needs in adults. All approaches depend on the change in a metabolic parameter in response to graded intake of the test amino acid. In humans, the within-subject variance is less than the between-subject variance, which has led to an appreciation of the need to study each subject across a range of intakes, above and below the mean requirement level. The data can then be analyzed using two-phase linear regression crossover and a precise population mean requirement can be determined. Several approaches have been used to define the variance of the mean requirement. Finally, a minimally invasive indicator amino acid oxidation model has been developed which allows the determination of dietary essential amino acid requirements in children and other vulnerable populations.
journal_name
Annu Rev Nutrjournal_title
Annual review of nutritionauthors
Pencharz PB,Ball ROdoi
10.1146/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073247subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
101-16eissn
0199-9885issn
1545-4312pii
011702.073247journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In the past, alcoholic liver disease was attributed exclusively to dietary deficiencies, but experimental and judicious clinical studies have now established alcohol's hepatotoxicity. Despite an adequate diet, it can contribute to the entire spectrum of liver diseases, mainly by generating oxidative stress through its...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::The recognition that mitochondria participate in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism grew out of pioneering work beginning in the 1950s from the laboratories of D.M. Greenberg, C.G. Mackenzie, and G. Kikuchi. These studies revealed mitochondria as the site of oxidation of one-carbon donors such as serine, glycine, s...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
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更新日期:2010-08-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
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更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
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pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
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更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::How much vitamin E is enough? An established use of supplemental vitamin E in humans is in the prevention and therapy of deficiency symptoms. The cause of vitamin E deficiency, characterized by peripheral neuropathy and ataxia, is usually malabsorption-a result of fat malabsorption or genetic abnormalities in lipoprot...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.001541
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092545
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apart from being an important macronutrient, dietary fat has recently gained much prominence for its role in regulating gene expression. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) affect gene expression through various mechanisms including, but not limited to, changes in membrane composition, intracellular calcium levels, an...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence for a link between maternal obesity and poor lactation performance. In nonhuman species, excess maternal fatness is deleterious for lactation and also for maternal health and survival. These effects occur during pregnancy and as milk production is beginning. The...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093738
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty years ago, it was suggested that maternal intake of certain vitamins during pregnancy affected the incidence of serious fetal malformations. Subsequent research has revealed that folate (folic acid), a B vitamin, plays a crucial role in the development of the central nervous system during the early weeks of ges...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.000445
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selenium exerts its biological activity largely through selenoproteins, which contain the element in the form of selenocysteine. Five selenoproteins have been characterized in animal tissues and there is evidence that a number of others exist. Selenoprotein synthesis is a complex process that has been well characteriz...
journal_title:Annual review of nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.13.070193.000433
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00