Molecular interactions mediating T cell antigen recognition.

abstract：:The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) faces a considerable challenge. It encounters antigens derived from an estimated 1014 commensal microbes and greater than 30 kg of food proteins yearly. It must distinguish these harmless antigens from potential pathogens and mount the appropriate host immune response. Local a...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Iweala OI,Nagler CR

更新日期：2019-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on T cell subset depletion studies and the analysis of gene knockout mice, it is evident that CD8(+) T cells contribute to resistance against intracellular infections with certain viral, protozoan, and bacterial pathogens. Although they are known primarily for their capacity to kill infected cells, CD8(+) T cell...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Harty JT,Tvinnereim AR,White DW

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epithelial architecture of the thymus fosters growth, differentiation, and T cell receptor repertoire selection of large numbers of immature T cells that continuously feed the mature peripheral T cell pool. Failure to build or to maintain a proper thymus structure can lead to defects ranging from immunodeficiency ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Rodewald HR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T helper cell differentiation occurs in the context of the extracellular cytokine milieu evoked by diverse microbes and other pathogenic stimuli along with T cell receptor stimulation. The culmination of these signals results in specification of T helper lineages, which occurs through the combinatorial action of multi...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Kanno Y,Vahedi G,Hirahara K,Singleton K,O'Shea JJ

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While still incomplete, the first data concerning the biochemistry of T cell receptor-ligand interactions in cell-free systems seem to have considerable predictive value regarding whether a T cell response is strong or weak or suppressive. This data will help considerably in elucidating the mechanisms behind T cell re...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Davis MM,Boniface JJ,Reich Z,Lyons D,Hampl J,Arden B,Chien Y

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diverse microbial populations constituting the intestinal microbiota promote immune development and differentiation, but because of their complex metabolic requirements and the consequent difficulty culturing them, they remained, until recently, largely uncharacterized and mysterious. In the last decade, deep nucl...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Caballero S,Pamer EG

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although several laboratories have shown that the appearance of naturally occurring suppressor cells in the spleens of neonatal or irradiated mice is temporarily related to the ease of induction of tolerance, the characteristics of these cells and their regulatory functions have been poorly understood until recently. ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Strober S

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation is a critical control point for integration of environmental signals into cellular responses. This regulation is mediated by the reciprocal actions of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. CD45, the first and prototypic receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase, is expresse...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Hermiston ML,Xu Z,Weiss A

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NF-kappa B is a ubiquitous transcription factor. Nevertheless, its properties seem to be most extensively exploited in cells of the immune system. Among these properties are NF-kappa B's rapid posttranslational activation in response to many pathogenic signals, its direct participation in cytoplasmic/nuclear signaling...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Baeuerle PA,Henkel T

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune system is composed of single cells, and its function is entirely dependent on the capacity of these cells to traffic, localize within tissues, and interact with each other in a precisely coordinated fashion. There is growing evidence that the large families of chemokines and chemokine receptors provide a fl...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Sallusto F,Mackay CR,Lanzavecchia A

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neutrophils provide the first line of defense of the innate immune system by phagocytosing, killing, and digesting bacteria and fungi. Killing was previously believed to be accomplished by oxygen free radicals and other reactive oxygen species generated by the NADPH oxidase, and by oxidized halides produced by myelope...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Segal AW

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent years have witnessed an emergence of interest in understanding metabolic changes associated with immune responses, termed immunometabolism. As oxygen is central to all aerobic metabolism, hypoxia is now recognized to contribute fundamentally to inflammatory and immune responses. Studies from a number of groups ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Colgan SP,Furuta GT,Taylor CT

更新日期：2020-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a model of human autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The NOD mouse also serves as a model for studying complex polygenic diseases because at least fourteen different loci are linked to disease development. The first Idd locus recognized, Idd1, is linked to the major his...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Wicker LS,Todd JA,Peterson LB

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review summarizes the general parameters of cell- and antibody-mediated immune protection and the basic mechanisms responsible for what we call immunological memory. From this basis, the various successes and difficulties of vaccines are evaluated with respect to the role of antigen in maintaining protective immu...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Zinkernagel RM

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene-chips contain thousands of nucleotide sequences that allow simultaneous analysis of the complex mixture of RNAs transcribed in cells. Like these gene-chips, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules display a large array of peptides on the cell surface for probing by the CD8(+) T cell repertoire. T...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Shastri N,Schwab S,Serwold T

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is usually transmitted through sexual contact and in the very early stages of infection establishes a persistent infection in lymphatic tissues (LT). Virus is produced and stored at this site in a dynamic process that slowly depletes the immune system of CD4+ T cells, setting the...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Haase AT

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that have the ability to sense infection and tissue stress, sample and present antigen to T lymphocytes, and induce different forms of immunity and tolerance. The functional versatility of DCs depends on their remarkable ability to translate collectively ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Liu YJ,Soumelis V,Watanabe N,Ito T,Wang YH,Malefyt Rde W,Omori M,Zhou B,Ziegler SF

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Only 5 to 10% of immunocompetent humans are susceptible to tuberculosis, and over 85% of them develop the disease exclusively in the lungs. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected humans, in contrast, can develop systemic disease that is more quickly lethal. This is in keeping with other evidence showing that susc...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： North RJ,Jung YJ

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases were a major focus of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, where I started my research career. After my initial studies on immune cell culture and immune regulation, I returned to an analysis of the pathogenesis of human autoimmunity in London. Linking upregulat...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Feldmann M

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that control the migratory patterns and positioning of all immune cells. Although chemokines were initially appreciated as important mediators of acute inflammation, we now know that this complex system of approximately 50 endogenous chemokine ligands and 20 G protein-coupled seven...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Griffith JW,Sokol CL,Luster AD

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article outlines my early start in medicine, a late start in immunology research, and my efforts to integrate the two activities. I first describe some of the background information, excitement, and implications of the recognition of T and B cells as separate but functionally intertwined arms of the adaptive immu...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Cooper MD

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T and B cells share a common somatic gene rearrangement mechanism for assembling the genes that code for their antigen receptors; they also have developmental pathways with many parallels. Shared usage of basic helix-loop-helix E proteins as transcriptional drivers underlies these common features. However, the transcr...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Rothenberg EV

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a potent immunomodulatory four-alpha-helical-bundle type I cytokine, is produced by NKT and CD4(+) T cells and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. These actions include positive effects such as enhanced proliferation of lymphoid cells, increased cytotoxicity of...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Spolski R,Leonard WJ

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In contrast to T cell receptors, signal transducing cell surface membrane molecules involved in the regulation of responses by cells of the innate immune system employ structures that are encoded in the genome rather than generated by somatic recombination and that recognize either classical MHC-I molecules or their s...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Natarajan K,Dimasi N,Wang J,Mariuzza RA,Margulies DH

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During alphabeta T cell development, cells diverge into alternate CD4 helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell lineages. The precise correlation between a T cell's CD8 and CD4 choice and its TCR specificity to class I or class II MHC was noted more than 20 years ago, and establishing the underlying mechanism has remained a ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： He X,Park K,Kappes DJ

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4+ T lymphocytes initiate and regulate both the specific and nonspecific effector mechanisms of allergic immune responses. The definition of immunogenic components within allergens has allowed the specificity of the T-cell repertoire to be examined, and the refinement of their molecular structure is now facilitating...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： O'Hehir RE,Garman RD,Greenstein JL,Lamb JR

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptive immune recognition is mediated by antigen receptors on B and T cells generated by somatic recombination during lineage development. The high level of diversity resulting from this process posed technical limitations that previously limited the comprehensive analysis of adaptive immune recognition. Advances ov...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Bradley P,Thomas PG

更新日期：2019-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:A reciprocal regulation exists between the central nervous and immune systems through which the CNS signals the immune system via hormonal and neuronal pathways and the immune system signals the CNS through cytokines. The primary hormonal pathway by which the CNS regulates the immune system is the hypothalamic-pituita...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Webster JI,Tonelli L,Sternberg EM

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein, SAP, was first identified as the protein affected in most cases of X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal responses to Epstein-Barr virus infection, lymphoproliferative syndromes, and dysgamm...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Cannons JL,Tangye SG,Schwartzberg PL

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell activation leads to dramatic shifts in cell metabolism to protect against pathogens and to orchestrate the action of other immune cells. Quiescent T cells require predominantly ATP-generating processes, whereas proliferating effector T cells require high metabolic flux through growth-promoting pathways. Further...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： MacIver NJ,Michalek RD,Rathmell JC

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00