Abstract:
:The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a model of human autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The NOD mouse also serves as a model for studying complex polygenic diseases because at least fourteen different loci are linked to disease development. The first Idd locus recognized, Idd1, is linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and its inheritance and expression are a paradigm for the other non-MHC Idd genes. The NOD allele at Idd1 does not behave as a recessive diabetes susceptibility gene, as it was originally thought to be, but instead it acts as a dominant gene with varying degrees of penetrance for the phenotypes of insulitis, a prediabetic inflammatory lesion, and spontaneous diabetes. MHC congenic strains of mice have shown that the NOD MHC is essential but, by itself, not sufficient for developing diabetes. The contributions of non-MHC Idd loci have also been assessed with NOD congenic strains derived by replacing NOD-specific chromosomal segments with those from diabetes-resistant strains of mice. While only partial protection from disease is provided by resistance alleles at single non-MHC Idd loci, epistatic interaction between two of the loci, Idd3 and Idd10, produced nearly complete protection from diabetes. Identifying Idd genes and defining their biologic functions should further our understanding of autoimmune disease pathogenesis and facilitate development of new treatments for diabetes.
journal_name
Annu Rev Immunoljournal_title
Annual review of immunologyauthors
Wicker LS,Todd JA,Peterson LBdoi
10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.001143subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
179-200eissn
0732-0582issn
1545-3278journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is usually transmitted through sexual contact and in the very early stages of infection establishes a persistent infection in lymphatic tissues (LT). Virus is produced and stored at this site in a dynamic process that slowly depletes the immune system of CD4+ T cells, setting the...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
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更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075058
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.225
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-074948
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115653
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115747
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115601
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141718
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.003421
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.657
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090408
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.001241
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-04-26 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-05-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.09.040191.001501
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.09.040191.000435
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of the acquired immune response is dependent on the signaling of CD40 by its ligand, CD154. These molecules govern both the magnitude and quality of humoral- and cell-mediated immunity. A litany of studies have conclusively documented that blockade of this ligand-receptor pair can prevent, and also interve...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104533
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although several laboratories have shown that the appearance of naturally occurring suppressor cells in the spleens of neonatal or irradiated mice is temporarily related to the ease of induction of tolerance, the characteristics of these cells and their regulatory functions have been poorly understood until recently. ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) is a hereditary immunodeficiency resulting from the absence of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Considering the central role of MHCII molecules in the development and activation of CD4(+) T cells, it is not surprising that the immune system of the patient...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.331
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::NK cells sit at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity and help coordinate tumor immunosurveillance and the immune response against pathogens. Balancing signals to NK cell precursors is crucial for their early development, when transcription factors compete to specify the different lymphocyte subsets. Despite ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00