Natural suppressor (NS) cells, neonatal tolerance, and total lymphoid irradiation: exploring obscure relationships.

abstract：:CD4+ T lymphocytes initiate and regulate both the specific and nonspecific effector mechanisms of allergic immune responses. The definition of immunogenic components within allergens has allowed the specificity of the T-cell repertoire to be examined, and the refinement of their molecular structure is now facilitating...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： O'Hehir RE,Garman RD,Greenstein JL,Lamb JR

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tripartite subdivision of lymphocytes into B cells, alphabeta T cells, and gammadelta cells has been conserved seemingly since the emergence of jawed vertebrates, more than 450 million years ago. Yet, while we understand much about B cells and alphabeta T cells, we lack a compelling explanation for the evolutionar...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Hayday AC

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NF-kappa B is a ubiquitous transcription factor. Nevertheless, its properties seem to be most extensively exploited in cells of the immune system. Among these properties are NF-kappa B's rapid posttranslational activation in response to many pathogenic signals, its direct participation in cytoplasmic/nuclear signaling...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Baeuerle PA,Henkel T

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over a decade has passed since the identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the causative agent of AIDS. During this time, HIV has been extensively characterized, and a variety of vaccine constructs and strategies have been explored. For the most part, these have been driven by successes of the past...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Cease KB,Berzofsky JA

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is usually transmitted through sexual contact and in the very early stages of infection establishes a persistent infection in lymphatic tissues (LT). Virus is produced and stored at this site in a dynamic process that slowly depletes the immune system of CD4+ T cells, setting the...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Haase AT

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past five or six years has seen a resurgence of interest in immunological memory. Areas in which important advances have been made of late or in which problems in understanding persist are covered here: (i) Selection of virgin B cells for entry into the peripheral pool. (ii) Expression of immunoglobulin isotypes a...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Gray D

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Class 2 alpha-helical cytokines consist of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 (Mda-7), and IL-26, interferons (IFN-alpha, -beta, -epsilon, -kappa, -omega, -delta, -tau, and -gamma) and interferon-like molecules (limitin, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29). The interaction of these cytokines with their spec...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Pestka S,Krause CD,Sarkar D,Walter MR,Shi Y,Fisher PB

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein, SAP, was first identified as the protein affected in most cases of X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal responses to Epstein-Barr virus infection, lymphoproliferative syndromes, and dysgamm...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Cannons JL,Tangye SG,Schwartzberg PL

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a potent immunomodulatory four-alpha-helical-bundle type I cytokine, is produced by NKT and CD4(+) T cells and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. These actions include positive effects such as enhanced proliferation of lymphoid cells, increased cytotoxicity of...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Spolski R,Leonard WJ

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of cytokine mRNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis tissue revealed that many proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, GM-CSF, and chemokines such as IL-8 are abundant in all patients regardless of therapy. This is compensated to some degree by the increased production of anti-inflammatory cy...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Feldmann M,Brennan FM,Maini RN

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a model of human autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The NOD mouse also serves as a model for studying complex polygenic diseases because at least fourteen different loci are linked to disease development. The first Idd locus recognized, Idd1, is linked to the major his...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Wicker LS,Todd JA,Peterson LB

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptive immune recognition is mediated by antigen receptors on B and T cells generated by somatic recombination during lineage development. The high level of diversity resulting from this process posed technical limitations that previously limited the comprehensive analysis of adaptive immune recognition. Advances ov...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Bradley P,Thomas PG

更新日期：2019-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The gastrointestinal tract harbors numerous commensal bacteria, referred to as the microbiota, that benefit host health by digesting dietary components and eliminating pathogens. The intestinal microbiota maintains epithelial barrier integrity and shapes the mucosal immune system, balancing host defense and oral toler...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Kayama H,Okumura R,Takeda K

更新日期：2020-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In light of recent data showing that both helper and cytotoxic T cells can detect even a single molecule of an agonist peptide-MHC, alphabeta T cells are clearly a type of sensory cell, comparable to any in the nervous system. In addition, endogenous (self) peptides bound to MHCs are not just important for thymic sele...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Davis MM,Krogsgaard M,Huse M,Huppa J,Lillemeier BF,Li QJ

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the last several years, the mechanism of IFN gamma-dependent signal transduction has been the focus of intense investigation. This research has recently culminated in the elucidation of a comprehensive molecular understanding of the events that underlie IFN gamma-induced cellular responses. The structure and fu...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Bach EA,Aguet M,Schreiber RD

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epithelial architecture of the thymus fosters growth, differentiation, and T cell receptor repertoire selection of large numbers of immature T cells that continuously feed the mature peripheral T cell pool. Failure to build or to maintain a proper thymus structure can lead to defects ranging from immunodeficiency ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Rodewald HR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed on the majority of white blood cells of the immune system and play critical roles in immune cell signaling. Through recognition of sialic acid-containing glycans as ligands, they help the immune system distinguish between self and nonself. Because...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Duan S,Paulson JC

更新日期：2020-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of new functions for the original B7 family members, together with the identification of additional B7 and CD28 family members, have revealed new ways in which the B7:CD28 family regulates T cell activation and tolerance. B7-1/B7-2:CD28 interactions not only promote initial T cell activation but also reg...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Greenwald RJ,Freeman GJ,Sharpe AH

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery that genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play an important role in the immune response depended on the chance interaction of several unrelated events. The first, and most important, was the decision by Michael Sela to synthesize a series of branched, multichain, synthetic polypeptides bas...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： McDevitt HO

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During alphabeta T cell development, cells diverge into alternate CD4 helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell lineages. The precise correlation between a T cell's CD8 and CD4 choice and its TCR specificity to class I or class II MHC was noted more than 20 years ago, and establishing the underlying mechanism has remained a ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： He X,Park K,Kappes DJ

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent elucidation of the role of central tolerance in preventing organ-specific autoimmunity has changed our concepts of self/nonself discrimination. This paradigmatic shift is largely attributable to the discovery of promiscuous expression of tissue-restricted self-antigens (TRAs) by medullary thymic epithelial cell...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Kyewski B,Klein L

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are heterodimeric cell surface proteins that are critically important for the development and function of cells in the immune system. In particular, the maturation of CD4+ T cells is dependent on the expression of MHC class II molecules on thymic epithelium, wh...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Grusby MJ,Glimcher LH

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that have the ability to sense infection and tissue stress, sample and present antigen to T lymphocytes, and induce different forms of immunity and tolerance. The functional versatility of DCs depends on their remarkable ability to translate collectively ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Liu YJ,Soumelis V,Watanabe N,Ito T,Wang YH,Malefyt Rde W,Omori M,Zhou B,Ziegler SF

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To combat infection, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster relies on multiple innate defense reactions, many of which are shared with higher organisms. These reactions include the use of physical barriers together with local and systemic immune responses. First, epithelia, such as those beneath the cuticle, in the ali...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Lemaitre B,Hoffmann J

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article outlines my early start in medicine, a late start in immunology research, and my efforts to integrate the two activities. I first describe some of the background information, excitement, and implications of the recognition of T and B cells as separate but functionally intertwined arms of the adaptive immu...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Cooper MD

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T and B cells share a common somatic gene rearrangement mechanism for assembling the genes that code for their antigen receptors; they also have developmental pathways with many parallels. Shared usage of basic helix-loop-helix E proteins as transcriptional drivers underlies these common features. However, the transcr...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Rothenberg EV

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past decade, key protein interactions contributing to T cell antigen recognition have been characterized in molecular detail. These have included interactions involving the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) itself, its coreceptors CD4 and CD8, the accessory molecule CD2, and the costimulatory receptors CD28 and C...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： van der Merwe PA,Davis SJ

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell development involves stepwise progression through defined stages that give rise to multiple T cell subtypes, and this is accompanied by the establishment of stage-specific gene expression. Changes in chromatin accessibility and chromatin modifications accompany changes in gene expression during T cell developme...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Shapiro MJ,Shapiro VS

更新日期：2020-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of intestinal intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) has been appreciated for over 100 years. However, until recently, the IEL were thought to be simply another specialized component of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), sharing the same origin as lymphocytes found in other GALT compartments such as t...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Poussier P,Julius M

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the last decade the immunoglobulin J chain has indeed come of age. The amino-acid sequence has been determined for the mouse and human polypeptides, and the data obtained have established the uniqueness of the primary structure and its high degree of conservation in vertebrates. The biosynthesis of J chain has ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Koshland ME

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00