Abstract:
:T and B cells share a common somatic gene rearrangement mechanism for assembling the genes that code for their antigen receptors; they also have developmental pathways with many parallels. Shared usage of basic helix-loop-helix E proteins as transcriptional drivers underlies these common features. However, the transcription factor networks in which these E proteins are embedded are different both in membership and in architecture for T and B cell gene regulatory programs. These differences permit lineage commitment decisions to be made in different hierarchical orders. Furthermore, in contrast to B cell gene networks, the T cell gene network architecture for effector differentiation is sufficiently modular so that E protein inputs can be removed. Complete T cell-like effector differentiation can proceed without T cell receptor rearrangement or selection when E proteins are neutralized, yielding natural killer and other innate lymphoid cells.
journal_name
Annu Rev Immunoljournal_title
Annual review of immunologyauthors
Rothenberg EVdoi
10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-100024subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
283-321eissn
0732-0582issn
1545-3278journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The discovery of new functions for the original B7 family members, together with the identification of additional B7 and CD28 family members, have revealed new ways in which the B7:CD28 family regulates T cell activation and tolerance. B7-1/B7-2:CD28 interactions not only promote initial T cell activation but also reg...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115611
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient key component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was discovered more than 100 years ago and was originally defined as a liver-derived, blood-circulating sentinel system that classically mediates the opsonization and lyt...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053245
更新日期:2018-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of cloned genes into the germline of mice has been proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the role of the respective gene products within the immune system. Here we summarize the transgenic mouse models that have been established with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I genes. Foreign ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.09.040191.001501
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transmembrane receptor Notch participates in diverse cell fate decisions throughout embryonic development. Notch receptors and their ligands are expressed in the mammalian thymus, raising the possibility that Notch could regulate T cell fate decisions. Expression of a constitutively activated form of Notch in deve...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.975
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rejection of transplanted tissue allografts results from T-cell recognition of histocompatibility antigens expressed by cells of the donor graft. This review focuses on the phenotype, specificity, and function of the T cells mediating rejection responses against skin allografts, and on the immune mechanisms by which h...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.002001
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.001011
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Although several laboratories have shown that the appearance of naturally occurring suppressor cells in the spleens of neonatal or irradiated mice is temporarily related to the ease of induction of tolerance, the characteristics of these cells and their regulatory functions have been poorly understood until recently. ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.001251
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.001143
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review examines the role of cross-presentation in tolerance and immunity. We discuss (a) the antigenic requirements for cross-presentation, (b) the phenotype of the antigen presenting cell (APC), (c) the cellular interactions and molecular signals involved in cross-priming, and (d) the factors that direct the imm...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.47
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A host has two methods to defend against pathogens: It can clear the pathogens or reduce their impact on health in other ways. The first, resistance, is well studied. Study of the second, which ecologists call tolerance, is in its infancy. Tolerance measures the dose response curve of a host's health in reaction to a ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075030
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A family consisting of at least ten distinct novel 8-10 kd cytokines has been identified over the past 12 years. These cytokines exhibit from 20 to 45% homology in amino acid sequence, are probably all basic heparin-binding polypeptides, and have proinflammatory and reparative activities. The cDNA for these cytokines ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.09.040191.003153
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of cytokine mRNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis tissue revealed that many proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, GM-CSF, and chemokines such as IL-8 are abundant in all patients regardless of therapy. This is compensated to some degree by the increased production of anti-inflammatory cy...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.397
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.275
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.523
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.297
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Licensed vaccines against viral diseases generate antibodies that neutralize the infecting virus and protect against infection or disease. Similarly, an effective vaccine against HIV-1 will likely need to induce antibodies that prevent initial infection of host cells or that limit early events of viral dissemination. ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101256
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) has advanced significantly in the last two years. The gene that is altered in the condition (SAP/SH2D1A) has been cloned and its protein crystal structure solved. At least two sets of target molecules for this small SH2 domain-containing protein have...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.657
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The innate immune system relies on its capacity to rapidly detect invading pathogenic microbes as foreign and to eliminate them. The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provided a class of membrane receptors that sense extracellular microbes and trigger antipathogen signaling cascades. More recently, intracellular...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mast cells have existed long before the development of adaptive immunity, although they have been given different names. Thus, in the marine urochordate Styela plicata, they have been designated as test cells. However, based on their morphological characteristics (including prominent cytoplasmic granules) and mediator...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Only 5 to 10% of immunocompetent humans are susceptible to tuberculosis, and over 85% of them develop the disease exclusively in the lungs. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected humans, in contrast, can develop systemic disease that is more quickly lethal. This is in keeping with other evidence showing that susc...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein, SAP, was first identified as the protein affected in most cases of X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal responses to Epstein-Barr virus infection, lymphoproliferative syndromes, and dysgamm...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101302
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation is an unstable state. It either resolves or persists. Why inflammation persists and the factors that define tissue tropism remain obscure. Increasing evidence suggests that tissue-resident stromal cells not only provide positional memory but also actively regulate the differential accumulation of inflamma...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120252
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genes encoding the alpha and beta chain of the T-cell receptor and the gamma gene have been cloned, and their structure, organization, ontogeny of expression, pattern of rearrangement, and diversification are now generally understood. In most cases, the immunoglobulin paradigm applied very well to the correspondin...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.04.040186.002525
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::MHC class I molecules are peptide receptors of stringent specificity which however still allow millions of different ligands. This is achieved by the following specificity characteristics summarized as allele specific peptide motifs: Peptides are of defined length, depending on the class I allele (either 8 or 9 residu...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.001241
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00