Chromatin-Modifying Enzymes in T Cell Development.

abstract：:A reciprocal regulation exists between the central nervous and immune systems through which the CNS signals the immune system via hormonal and neuronal pathways and the immune system signals the CNS through cytokines. The primary hormonal pathway by which the CNS regulates the immune system is the hypothalamic-pituita...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Webster JI,Tonelli L,Sternberg EM

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past five or six years has seen a resurgence of interest in immunological memory. Areas in which important advances have been made of late or in which problems in understanding persist are covered here: (i) Selection of virgin B cells for entry into the peripheral pool. (ii) Expression of immunoglobulin isotypes a...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Gray D

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed on the majority of white blood cells of the immune system and play critical roles in immune cell signaling. Through recognition of sialic acid-containing glycans as ligands, they help the immune system distinguish between self and nonself. Because...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Duan S,Paulson JC

更新日期：2020-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of new functions for the original B7 family members, together with the identification of additional B7 and CD28 family members, have revealed new ways in which the B7:CD28 family regulates T cell activation and tolerance. B7-1/B7-2:CD28 interactions not only promote initial T cell activation but also reg...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Greenwald RJ,Freeman GJ,Sharpe AH

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient key component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was discovered more than 100 years ago and was originally defined as a liver-derived, blood-circulating sentinel system that classically mediates the opsonization and lyt...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： West EE,Kolev M,Kemper C

更新日期：2018-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:This review examines the role of cross-presentation in tolerance and immunity. We discuss (a) the antigenic requirements for cross-presentation, (b) the phenotype of the antigen presenting cell (APC), (c) the cellular interactions and molecular signals involved in cross-priming, and (d) the factors that direct the imm...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Heath WR,Carbone FR

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are heterodimeric cell surface proteins that are critically important for the development and function of cells in the immune system. In particular, the maturation of CD4+ T cells is dependent on the expression of MHC class II molecules on thymic epithelium, wh...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Grusby MJ,Glimcher LH

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Notch pathway is gaining increasing recognition as a key regulator of developmental choices, differentiation, and function throughout the hematolymphoid system. Notch controls the generation of hematopoietic stem cells during embryonic development and may affect their subsequent homeostasis. Commitment to the T ce...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Maillard I,Fang T,Pear WS

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is usually transmitted through sexual contact and in the very early stages of infection establishes a persistent infection in lymphatic tissues (LT). Virus is produced and stored at this site in a dynamic process that slowly depletes the immune system of CD4+ T cells, setting the...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Haase AT

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While still incomplete, the first data concerning the biochemistry of T cell receptor-ligand interactions in cell-free systems seem to have considerable predictive value regarding whether a T cell response is strong or weak or suppressive. This data will help considerably in elucidating the mechanisms behind T cell re...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Davis MM,Boniface JJ,Reich Z,Lyons D,Hampl J,Arden B,Chien Y

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery that genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play an important role in the immune response depended on the chance interaction of several unrelated events. The first, and most important, was the decision by Michael Sela to synthesize a series of branched, multichain, synthetic polypeptides bas...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： McDevitt HO

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation is a critical control point for integration of environmental signals into cellular responses. This regulation is mediated by the reciprocal actions of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. CD45, the first and prototypic receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase, is expresse...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Hermiston ML,Xu Z,Weiss A

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetically engineered T cells are powerful new medicines, offering hope for curative responses in patients with cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells were recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and are poised to enter the practice of medicine for leukemia and lymphoma, demonstrating that e...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Guedan S,Ruella M,June CH

更新日期：2019-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:MHC class I molecules are peptide receptors of stringent specificity which however still allow millions of different ligands. This is achieved by the following specificity characteristics summarized as allele specific peptide motifs: Peptides are of defined length, depending on the class I allele (either 8 or 9 residu...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Rammensee HG,Falk K,Rötzschke O

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Only 5 to 10% of immunocompetent humans are susceptible to tuberculosis, and over 85% of them develop the disease exclusively in the lungs. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected humans, in contrast, can develop systemic disease that is more quickly lethal. This is in keeping with other evidence showing that susc...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： North RJ,Jung YJ

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To combat infection, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster relies on multiple innate defense reactions, many of which are shared with higher organisms. These reactions include the use of physical barriers together with local and systemic immune responses. First, epithelia, such as those beneath the cuticle, in the ali...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Lemaitre B,Hoffmann J

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on T cell subset depletion studies and the analysis of gene knockout mice, it is evident that CD8(+) T cells contribute to resistance against intracellular infections with certain viral, protozoan, and bacterial pathogens. Although they are known primarily for their capacity to kill infected cells, CD8(+) T cell...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Harty JT,Tvinnereim AR,White DW

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rejection of transplanted tissue allografts results from T-cell recognition of histocompatibility antigens expressed by cells of the donor graft. This review focuses on the phenotype, specificity, and function of the T cells mediating rejection responses against skin allografts, and on the immune mechanisms by which h...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Rosenberg AS,Singer A

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genes encoding the alpha and beta chain of the T-cell receptor and the gamma gene have been cloned, and their structure, organization, ontogeny of expression, pattern of rearrangement, and diversification are now generally understood. In most cases, the immunoglobulin paradigm applied very well to the correspondin...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Kronenberg M,Siu G,Hood LE,Shastri N

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transmembrane receptor Notch participates in diverse cell fate decisions throughout embryonic development. Notch receptors and their ligands are expressed in the mammalian thymus, raising the possibility that Notch could regulate T cell fate decisions. Expression of a constitutively activated form of Notch in deve...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Robey E

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current status of T-cell subset involvement in viral immunity is summarized for experimental studies in mice. The immunobiology of the normal host response is discussed, with particular reference to lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) and influenza. The general impression is that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CD4+ ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Doherty PC,Allan W,Eichelberger M,Carding SR

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During alphabeta T cell development, cells diverge into alternate CD4 helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell lineages. The precise correlation between a T cell's CD8 and CD4 choice and its TCR specificity to class I or class II MHC was noted more than 20 years ago, and establishing the underlying mechanism has remained a ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： He X,Park K,Kappes DJ

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of cytokine mRNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis tissue revealed that many proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, GM-CSF, and chemokines such as IL-8 are abundant in all patients regardless of therapy. This is compensated to some degree by the increased production of anti-inflammatory cy...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Feldmann M,Brennan FM,Maini RN

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is possible to create mice in which a planned alteration has been introduced at a specific locus in the genome. The planned alteration is first introduced into the genome of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in tissue culture. This is accomplished by homologous recombination between the targeted genomic locus and DNA...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Koller BH,Smithies O

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian Rel/NF-kappaB family of transcription factors, including RelA, c-Rel, RelB, NF-kappaB1 (p50 and its precursor p105), and NF-kappaB2 (p52 and its precursor p100), plays a central role in the immune system by regulating several processes ranging from the development and survival of lymphocytes and lymphoid...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Vallabhapurapu S,Karin M

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription factor NF-kappa B, more than a decade after its discovery, remains an exciting and active area of study. The involvement of NF-kappa B in the expression of numerous cytokines and adhesion molecules has supported its role as an evolutionarily conserved coordinating element in the organism's response t...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Ghosh S,May MJ,Kopp EB

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In humans and experimental animals the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, LPS) signals the presence of gram-negative bacteria. Recognition of LPS triggers gene induction by myeloid and nonmyeloid lineage cells. These inducible genes encode proteins that include cytokines, adhesive proteins, and enzym...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Ulevitch RJ,Tobias PS

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) is a hereditary immunodeficiency resulting from the absence of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Considering the central role of MHCII molecules in the development and activation of CD4(+) T cells, it is not surprising that the immune system of the patient...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Reith W,Mach B

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epithelial architecture of the thymus fosters growth, differentiation, and T cell receptor repertoire selection of large numbers of immature T cells that continuously feed the mature peripheral T cell pool. Failure to build or to maintain a proper thymus structure can lead to defects ranging from immunodeficiency ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Rodewald HR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NK cells sit at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity and help coordinate tumor immunosurveillance and the immune response against pathogens. Balancing signals to NK cell precursors is crucial for their early development, when transcription factors compete to specify the different lymphocyte subsets. Despite ...

journal_title：Annual review of immunology

authors： Di Santo JP

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00