Abstract:
:This review examines the role of cross-presentation in tolerance and immunity. We discuss (a) the antigenic requirements for cross-presentation, (b) the phenotype of the antigen presenting cell (APC), (c) the cellular interactions and molecular signals involved in cross-priming, and (d) the factors that direct the immune system toward tolerance or immunity. A large part of this review is dedicated to summarizing our current knowledge of the cross-presenting APC.
journal_name
Annu Rev Immunoljournal_title
Annual review of immunologyauthors
Heath WR,Carbone FRdoi
10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.47subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
47-64eissn
0732-0582issn
1545-3278pii
19/1/47journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Only a handful of the more than 100,000 fungal species on our planet cause disease in humans, yet the number of life-threatening fungal infections in patients has recently skyrocketed as a result of advances in medical care that often suppress immunity intensely. This emerging crisis has created pressing needs to clar...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-074958
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed on the majority of white blood cells of the immune system and play critical roles in immune cell signaling. Through recognition of sialic acid-containing glycans as ligands, they help the immune system distinguish between self and nonself. Because...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-102419-035900
更新日期:2020-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The epithelial architecture of the thymus fosters growth, differentiation, and T cell receptor repertoire selection of large numbers of immature T cells that continuously feed the mature peripheral T cell pool. Failure to build or to maintain a proper thymus structure can lead to defects ranging from immunodeficiency ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090408
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During alphabeta T cell development, cells diverge into alternate CD4 helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell lineages. The precise correlation between a T cell's CD8 and CD4 choice and its TCR specificity to class I or class II MHC was noted more than 20 years ago, and establishing the underlying mechanism has remained a ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141715
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cell anergy is a tolerance mechanism in which the lymphocyte is intrinsically functionally inactivated following an antigen encounter, but remains alive for an extended period of time in a hyporesponsive state. Models of T cell anergy affecting both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells fall into two broad categories. One, clonal...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141110
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) is a hereditary immunodeficiency resulting from the absence of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Considering the central role of MHCII molecules in the development and activation of CD4(+) T cells, it is not surprising that the immune system of the patient...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.331
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases were a major focus of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, where I started my research career. After my initial studies on immune cell culture and immune regulation, I returned to an analysis of the pathogenesis of human autoimmunity in London. Linking upregulat...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-082708-100732
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, key protein interactions contributing to T cell antigen recognition have been characterized in molecular detail. These have included interactions involving the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) itself, its coreceptors CD4 and CD8, the accessory molecule CD2, and the costimulatory receptors CD28 and C...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141036
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) has advanced significantly in the last two years. The gene that is altered in the condition (SAP/SH2D1A) has been cloned and its protein crystal structure solved. At least two sets of target molecules for this small SH2 domain-containing protein have...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.657
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that control the migratory patterns and positioning of all immune cells. Although chemokines were initially appreciated as important mediators of acute inflammation, we now know that this complex system of approximately 50 endogenous chemokine ligands and 20 G protein-coupled seven...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120145
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Class 2 alpha-helical cytokines consist of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 (Mda-7), and IL-26, interferons (IFN-alpha, -beta, -epsilon, -kappa, -omega, -delta, -tau, and -gamma) and interferon-like molecules (limitin, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29). The interaction of these cytokines with their spec...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104622
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent elucidation of the role of central tolerance in preventing organ-specific autoimmunity has changed our concepts of self/nonself discrimination. This paradigmatic shift is largely attributable to the discovery of promiscuous expression of tissue-restricted self-antigens (TRAs) by medullary thymic epithelial cell...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115601
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) faces a considerable challenge. It encounters antigens derived from an estimated 1014 commensal microbes and greater than 30 kg of food proteins yearly. It must distinguish these harmless antigens from potential pathogens and mount the appropriate host immune response. Local a...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041621
更新日期:2019-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::In light of recent data showing that both helper and cytotoxic T cells can detect even a single molecule of an agonist peptide-MHC, alphabeta T cells are clearly a type of sensory cell, comparable to any in the nervous system. In addition, endogenous (self) peptides bound to MHCs are not just important for thymic sele...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090600
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Notch pathway is gaining increasing recognition as a key regulator of developmental choices, differentiation, and function throughout the hematolymphoid system. Notch controls the generation of hematopoietic stem cells during embryonic development and may affect their subsequent homeostasis. Commitment to the T ce...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115747
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of intestinal intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) has been appreciated for over 100 years. However, until recently, the IEL were thought to be simply another specialized component of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), sharing the same origin as lymphocytes found in other GALT compartments such as t...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.002513
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While still incomplete, the first data concerning the biochemistry of T cell receptor-ligand interactions in cell-free systems seem to have considerable predictive value regarding whether a T cell response is strong or weak or suppressive. This data will help considerably in elucidating the mechanisms behind T cell re...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.523
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In contrast to T cell receptors, signal transducing cell surface membrane molecules involved in the regulation of responses by cells of the innate immune system employ structures that are encoded in the genome rather than generated by somatic recombination and that recognize either classical MHC-I molecules or their s...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064812
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cell development involves stepwise progression through defined stages that give rise to multiple T cell subtypes, and this is accompanied by the establishment of stage-specific gene expression. Changes in chromatin accessibility and chromatin modifications accompany changes in gene expression during T cell developme...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-092719-082622
更新日期:2020-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The innate immune system relies on its capacity to rapidly detect invading pathogenic microbes as foreign and to eliminate them. The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provided a class of membrane receptors that sense extracellular microbes and trigger antipathogen signaling cascades. More recently, intracellular...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132715
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is possible to create mice in which a planned alteration has been introduced at a specific locus in the genome. The planned alteration is first introduced into the genome of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in tissue culture. This is accomplished by homologous recombination between the targeted genomic locus and DNA...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.003421
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD45 is one of the most abundant leukocyte cell surface glycoproteins and is expressed exclusively upon cells of the hematopoietic system. Different isoforms of CD45 are generated by alternative splicing and are expressed in cell type-specific patterns on functional subpopulations of lymphocytes. In a major advance, C...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.000505
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of cloned genes into the germline of mice has been proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the role of the respective gene products within the immune system. Here we summarize the transgenic mouse models that have been established with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I genes. Foreign ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.09.040191.001501
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutrophils provide the first line of defense of the innate immune system by phagocytosing, killing, and digesting bacteria and fungi. Killing was previously believed to be accomplished by oxygen free radicals and other reactive oxygen species generated by the NADPH oxidase, and by oxidized halides produced by myelope...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115653
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::NF-kappa B is a ubiquitous transcription factor. Nevertheless, its properties seem to be most extensively exploited in cells of the immune system. Among these properties are NF-kappa B's rapid posttranslational activation in response to many pathogenic signals, its direct participation in cytoplasmic/nuclear signaling...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.001041
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a potent immunomodulatory four-alpha-helical-bundle type I cytokine, is produced by NKT and CD4(+) T cells and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. These actions include positive effects such as enhanced proliferation of lymphoid cells, increased cytotoxicity of...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090316
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of tissue-resident innate lymphoid cell populations effecting different forms of type 1, 2, and 3 immunity; tissue repair; and immune regulation has transformed our understanding of mucosal immunity and allergy. The emerging complexity of these populations along with compounding issues of redundancy and ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055549
更新日期:2016-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation is an unstable state. It either resolves or persists. Why inflammation persists and the factors that define tissue tropism remain obscure. Increasing evidence suggests that tissue-resident stromal cells not only provide positional memory but also actively regulate the differential accumulation of inflamma...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120252
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that have the ability to sense infection and tissue stress, sample and present antigen to T lymphocytes, and induce different forms of immunity and tolerance. The functional versatility of DCs depends on their remarkable ability to translate collectively ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141718
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::MHC class I molecules are peptide receptors of stringent specificity which however still allow millions of different ligands. This is achieved by the following specificity characteristics summarized as allele specific peptide motifs: Peptides are of defined length, depending on the class I allele (either 8 or 9 residu...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.001241
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00