Abstract:
:T cell activation leads to dramatic shifts in cell metabolism to protect against pathogens and to orchestrate the action of other immune cells. Quiescent T cells require predominantly ATP-generating processes, whereas proliferating effector T cells require high metabolic flux through growth-promoting pathways. Further, functionally distinct T cell subsets require distinct energetic and biosynthetic pathways to support their specific functional needs. Pathways that control immune cell function and metabolism are intimately linked, and changes in cell metabolism at both the cell and system levels have been shown to enhance or suppress specific T cell functions. As a result of these findings, cell metabolism is now appreciated as a key regulator of T cell function specification and fate. This review discusses the role of cellular metabolism in T cell development, activation, differentiation, and function to highlight the clinical relevance and opportunities for therapeutic interventions that may be used to disrupt immune pathogenesis.
journal_name
Annu Rev Immunoljournal_title
Annual review of immunologyauthors
MacIver NJ,Michalek RD,Rathmell JCdoi
10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095956subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-01 00:00:00pages
259-83eissn
0732-0582issn
1545-3278journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A family consisting of at least ten distinct novel 8-10 kd cytokines has been identified over the past 12 years. These cytokines exhibit from 20 to 45% homology in amino acid sequence, are probably all basic heparin-binding polypeptides, and have proinflammatory and reparative activities. The cDNA for these cytokines ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.09.040191.003153
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on T cell subset depletion studies and the analysis of gene knockout mice, it is evident that CD8(+) T cells contribute to resistance against intracellular infections with certain viral, protozoan, and bacterial pathogens. Although they are known primarily for their capacity to kill infected cells, CD8(+) T cell...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.275
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transmembrane receptor Notch participates in diverse cell fate decisions throughout embryonic development. Notch receptors and their ligands are expressed in the mammalian thymus, raising the possibility that Notch could regulate T cell fate decisions. Expression of a constitutively activated form of Notch in deve...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.283
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery that genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play an important role in the immune response depended on the chance interaction of several unrelated events. The first, and most important, was the decision by Michael Sela to synthesize a series of branched, multichain, synthetic polypeptides bas...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.1
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetically engineered T cells are powerful new medicines, offering hope for curative responses in patients with cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells were recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and are poised to enter the practice of medicine for leukemia and lymphoma, demonstrating that e...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041407
更新日期:2019-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::While still incomplete, the first data concerning the biochemistry of T cell receptor-ligand interactions in cell-free systems seem to have considerable predictive value regarding whether a T cell response is strong or weak or suppressive. This data will help considerably in elucidating the mechanisms behind T cell re...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.523
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of tissue-resident innate lymphoid cell populations effecting different forms of type 1, 2, and 3 immunity; tissue repair; and immune regulation has transformed our understanding of mucosal immunity and allergy. The emerging complexity of these populations along with compounding issues of redundancy and ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055549
更新日期:2016-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Stressors ranging from nutrient deprivation to immune signaling can induce the degradation of cytoplasmic material by a process known as autophagy. Increasingly, research on autophagy has begun to focus on its role in inflammation and the immune response. Autophagy acts as an immune effector that mediates pathogen cle...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-074948
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over a decade has passed since the identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the causative agent of AIDS. During this time, HIV has been extensively characterized, and a variety of vaccine constructs and strategies have been explored. For the most part, these have been driven by successes of the past...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.004423
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD45 is one of the most abundant leukocyte cell surface glycoproteins and is expressed exclusively upon cells of the hematopoietic system. Different isoforms of CD45 are generated by alternative splicing and are expressed in cell type-specific patterns on functional subpopulations of lymphocytes. In a major advance, C...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.000505
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Licensed vaccines against viral diseases generate antibodies that neutralize the infecting virus and protect against infection or disease. Similarly, an effective vaccine against HIV-1 will likely need to induce antibodies that prevent initial infection of host cells or that limit early events of viral dissemination. ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101256
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation is an unstable state. It either resolves or persists. Why inflammation persists and the factors that define tissue tropism remain obscure. Increasing evidence suggests that tissue-resident stromal cells not only provide positional memory but also actively regulate the differential accumulation of inflamma...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120252
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mast cells have existed long before the development of adaptive immunity, although they have been given different names. Thus, in the marine urochordate Styela plicata, they have been designated as test cells. However, based on their morphological characteristics (including prominent cytoplasmic granules) and mediator...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-071719-094903
更新日期:2020-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::The gastrointestinal tract harbors numerous commensal bacteria, referred to as the microbiota, that benefit host health by digesting dietary components and eliminating pathogens. The intestinal microbiota maintains epithelial barrier integrity and shapes the mucosal immune system, balancing host defense and oral toler...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-070119-115104
更新日期:2020-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::HTLV-I infection is causally associated with a variety of human diseases including leukemia/lymphoma, myelopathy, uveitis, and arthropathy. Tax protein of HTLV-I, which is considered oncogenic, binds to transcription factors or other cytoplasmic cellular molecules involved in the fundamental cell function and thereby ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.15
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::T helper lymphocytes can be divided into two distinct subsets of effector cells based on their functional capabilities and the profile of cytokines they produce. The Th1 subset of CD4+ T cells secretes cytokines usually associated with inflammation, such as IFN-gamma and TNF and induces cell-mediated immune responses....
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.297
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genes encoding the alpha and beta chain of the T-cell receptor and the gamma gene have been cloned, and their structure, organization, ontogeny of expression, pattern of rearrangement, and diversification are now generally understood. In most cases, the immunoglobulin paradigm applied very well to the correspondin...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.04.040186.002525
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of new functions for the original B7 family members, together with the identification of additional B7 and CD28 family members, have revealed new ways in which the B7:CD28 family regulates T cell activation and tolerance. B7-1/B7-2:CD28 interactions not only promote initial T cell activation but also reg...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115611
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past five or six years has seen a resurgence of interest in immunological memory. Areas in which important advances have been made of late or in which problems in understanding persist are covered here: (i) Selection of virgin B cells for entry into the peripheral pool. (ii) Expression of immunoglobulin isotypes a...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.000405
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is usually transmitted through sexual contact and in the very early stages of infection establishes a persistent infection in lymphatic tissues (LT). Virus is produced and stored at this site in a dynamic process that slowly depletes the immune system of CD4+ T cells, setting the...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.625
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is possible to create mice in which a planned alteration has been introduced at a specific locus in the genome. The planned alteration is first introduced into the genome of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in tissue culture. This is accomplished by homologous recombination between the targeted genomic locus and DNA...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.003421
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last several years, the mechanism of IFN gamma-dependent signal transduction has been the focus of intense investigation. This research has recently culminated in the elucidation of a comprehensive molecular understanding of the events that underlie IFN gamma-induced cellular responses. The structure and fu...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.563
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::B lymphopoiesis is regulated by multiple signals from stromal cell contact, soluble cytokines, antigen, and T helper cells. In vitro and biochemical experiments have implicated tyrosine kinases as key components of many of these signaling pathways. Genetic analysis of the role of these tyrosine kinases has been facili...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.131
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although several laboratories have shown that the appearance of naturally occurring suppressor cells in the spleens of neonatal or irradiated mice is temporarily related to the ease of induction of tolerance, the characteristics of these cells and their regulatory functions have been poorly understood until recently. ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.001251
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last decade the immunoglobulin J chain has indeed come of age. The amino-acid sequence has been determined for the mouse and human polypeptides, and the data obtained have established the uniqueness of the primary structure and its high degree of conservation in vertebrates. The biosynthesis of J chain has ...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.03.040185.002233
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rejection of transplanted tissue allografts results from T-cell recognition of histocompatibility antigens expressed by cells of the donor graft. This review focuses on the phenotype, specificity, and function of the T cells mediating rejection responses against skin allografts, and on the immune mechanisms by which h...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.002001
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, key protein interactions contributing to T cell antigen recognition have been characterized in molecular detail. These have included interactions involving the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) itself, its coreceptors CD4 and CD8, the accessory molecule CD2, and the costimulatory receptors CD28 and C...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141036
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a potent immunomodulatory four-alpha-helical-bundle type I cytokine, is produced by NKT and CD4(+) T cells and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. These actions include positive effects such as enhanced proliferation of lymphoid cells, increased cytotoxicity of...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090316
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review summarizes the general parameters of cell- and antibody-mediated immune protection and the basic mechanisms responsible for what we call immunological memory. From this basis, the various successes and difficulties of vaccines are evaluated with respect to the role of antigen in maintaining protective immu...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141045
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of cytokine mRNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis tissue revealed that many proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, GM-CSF, and chemokines such as IL-8 are abundant in all patients regardless of therapy. This is compensated to some degree by the increased production of anti-inflammatory cy...
journal_title:Annual review of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.397
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00