Abstract:
:Metagenomic approaches are currently being used to decipher the genome of the microbiota (microbiome), and, in parallel, functional studies are being performed to analyze the effects of the microbiota on the host. Gnotobiological methods are an indispensable tool for studying the consequences of bacterial colonization. Animals used as models of human diseases can be maintained in sterile conditions (isolators used for germ-free rearing) and specifically colonized with defined microbes (including non-cultivable commensal bacteria). The effects of the germ-free state or the effects of colonization on disease initiation and maintenance can be observed in these models. Using this approach we demonstrated direct involvement of components of the microbiota in chronic intestinal inflammation and development of colonic neoplasia (i.e., using models of human inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinoma). In contrast, a protective effect of microbiota colonization was demonstrated for the development of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Interestingly, the development of atherosclerosis in germ-free apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice fed by a standard low-cholesterol diet is accelerated compared with conventionally reared animals. Mucosal induction of tolerance to allergen Bet v1 was not influenced by the presence or absence of microbiota. Identification of components of the microbiota and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of their action in inducing pathological changes or exerting beneficial, disease-protective activities could aid in our ability to influence the composition of the microbiota and to find bacterial strains and components (e.g., probiotics and prebiotics) whose administration may aid in disease prevention and treatment.
journal_name
Cell Mol Immunoljournal_title
Cellular & molecular immunologyauthors
Tlaskalová-Hogenová H,Stěpánková R,Kozáková H,Hudcovic T,Vannucci L,Tučková L,Rossmann P,Hrnčíř T,Kverka M,Zákostelská Z,Klimešová K,Přibylová J,Bártová J,Sanchez D,Fundová P,Borovská D,Srůtková D,Zídek Z,Schwarzer Mdoi
10.1038/cmi.2010.67subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-03-01 00:00:00pages
110-20issue
2eissn
1672-7681issn
2042-0226pii
cmi201067journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Dendritic cells are powerful antigen-presenting cells that are essential for the priming of T cell responses. In addition to providing T-cell-receptor ligands and co-stimulatory molecules for naive T cell activation and expansion, dendritic cells are thought to also provide signals for the differentiation of CD4+ T ce...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0465-0
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trogocytosis is a process which involves the transfer of membrane fragments and cell surface proteins between cells. Various types of T cells have been shown to be able to acquire membrane-bound proteins from antigen-presenting cells and their functions can be modulated following trogocytosis. However, it is not known...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/cmi.2011.62
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, comprise the first line of innate immune defense against pathogens and tumors. Over the past decade, accumulating evidence has demonstrated immunological memory in ILC subsets: for example, ...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41423-019-0212-6
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), produced by CD4+ T cells, has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and juvenile arthritis. However, the role of GM-CSF-producing CD4+ T cells in sepsis remains unknown. This study reports peripheral changes in ...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41423-018-0164-2
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transplantable experimental tumor models were constructed to study the activities of recombinant human interleukin-15 (rhIL-15) against tumor recurrence and metastasis. The results showed that tumor nodule formation was retarded and tumor growth was inhibited in the subcutaneous tumor model of LA795 lung adenocarcinom...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/cmi.2008.23
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The T-cell-mediated immune response is implicated in many clinical hepatic injuries, such as autoimmune hepatitis and acute virus hepatitis. CD24 is widely expressed by different immune cells and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. However, the role of CD24 in T-cell-mediated liver...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/cmi.2016.57
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite impressive results obtained in animal models, the clinical use of Fas ligand (FasL) as an anticancer drug is limited by severe toxicity. Systemic toxicity of death ligands may be prevented by using genes encoding membrane-bound death ligands and by targeted transgene expression through either targeted transduc...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1038/cmi.2009.38
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammasomes are multi-protein signaling complexes that trigger the activation of inflammatory caspases and the maturation of interleukin-1β. Among various inflammasome complexes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is best characterized and has been linked with various human autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus, the NL...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/cmi.2015.95
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to serving as molecular chaperones, heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been implicated in autoimmune diseases, antigen presentation and tumor immunity. Extensive work in the last 10 years has also suggested that HSPs such as Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90 and gp96, may be potent activators of the innate immune system ca...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complement system plays an important role in mediating both acquired and innate responses to defend against microbial infection, and in disposing immunoglobins and apoptotic cells. The liver (mainly hepatocytes) is responsible for biosynthesis of about 80-90% of plasma complement components and expresses a variety...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to investigate immunogenicity in the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses, severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-N gene recombinant replication-defective adenoviral vector, rAd-N, was generated and immunized BALB/c mice in a pcDNA3.1-N prime-rAd-N boost regimen. Aft...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decidual natural killer (dNK) cells express an array of activation receptors to regulate placental immunity and development during early pregnancy. We investigated the functional character of human dNK cells during the first and second trimester of gestation and the interaction between dNK and trophoblast cells. Altho...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/cmi.2015.66
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kupffer cells (KCs), the liver resident macrophages accounting for 80-90% of the total population of fixed tissue macrophages in the body, not only play a key role in host defense via removing particulate materials from the portal circulation, but may also contribute to the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. We h...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/cmi.2009.56
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::T follicular helper (Tfh) cells were discovered just over a decade ago as germinal centre T cells that help B cells make antibodies. Included in this role is affinity maturation and isotype switching. It is here that their functions become less clear. Tfh cells principally produce IL-21 which inhibits class switching ...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/cmi.2012.31
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an important factor in the induction of colon cancer, but its mechanism is unclear. Colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) models induced using both dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and the azoxymethane/DSS protocol were established in wild-type (WT) and CTRP4 transgenic...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/cmi.2016.16
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Programmed death one homolog (PD-1H) is a cell surface molecule of the B7/CD28 immune modulatory gene family. Although PD-1H has been shown to function as a coinhibitory receptor on T cells to limit naive T-cell activation and proliferation, its role in the regulation of the T-cell response to allergens is unknown. We...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/cmi.2017.16
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we demonstrated that macrophages from thrombospondin 1 (TSP1)-deficient mice have a reduced inflammatory phenotype, suggesting that TSP1 plays a role in macrophage activation. In this study, we determined how TSP1 regulates macrophage function. We found that recombinant or purified platelet human TSP1 trea...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/cmi.2013.32
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute morphine administration is known to alter the course of herpes simplex virus infection. In this study, the effect of acute morphine administration on the reactivation of latent herpes was investigated in a mouse model. Because of the important role of cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in the inhibition of he...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/cmi.2009.15
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The disruption of epithelial barrier integrity is an important factor in the pathogenesis of various immune disorders. However, the restitution of the compromised barrier functions is difficult. This study investigates the regulation of TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (Trek1) in the restitution of intestinal epitheli...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/cmi.2014.137
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor initially identified as the receptor for dioxin. Almost half a century after its discovery, AHR is now recognized as a receptor for multiple physiological ligands, with important roles in health and disease. In this review, we discuss the r...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41423-020-00585-5
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the balance status of interleukin 18 (IL-18) and interleukin 18 binding protein (IL-18BP) in circulation in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS), plasma levels as well as mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of IL-18 and IL-18BP were measured by E...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that the CC chemokine receptor CCR5 is downregulated on monocyte/macrophage (MO/Mphi) surfaces in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients (stage IIIB). Ligands (RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta) of this chemokine receptor were also secreted in lesser quantity from MO/Mphi of ...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/cmi.2010.29
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We generated a human dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) transgenic mouse in which renal tubular epithelial cells expressed DC-SIGN. The transgenic mice were infected with Candida albicans intravenously to study how DC-SIGN expression affected the pathogenesis of systemic candidiasis. We dis...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41423-018-0161-5
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and cystic fibrosis (CF), two inherited disorders, suffer from recurrent airway infections characterized by persistent bacterial colonization and uncontrollable inflammation. Although present in high counts, neutrophils fail to clear infection in the airways. High levels ...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/cmi.2017.118
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To construct cDNA library of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and obtain the NPC associated or specific antigens from it, we used a powerful new method to identify the antigens eliciting humoral immune response, which is SEREX (serological identification of antigen by recombinant cDNA expression library). Autologous ser...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has recently been established that neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes, are capable of changes in gene expression during inflammatory responses. However, changes in the transcriptome as the neutrophil leaves the bone marrow have yet to be described. We hypothesized that neutrophils are transcriptionally activ...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/cmi.2014.37
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), as an important component of the innate immune system, arise from a common lymphoid progenitor and are located in mucosal barriers and various tissues, including the intestine, skin, lung, and adipose tissue. ILCs are heterogeneous subsets of lymphocytes that have emerging roles in orches...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0399-6
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that has a fairly wide range of clinical presentations. Plaque psoriasis, which is the most common manifestation of psoriasis, is located on one end of the spectrum, dominated by adaptive immune responses, whereas the rarer pustular psoriasis lies on the opposite end,...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0519-3
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among various immunoregulatory molecules, the B7 family of immune-checkpoint receptors consists of highly valuable targets for cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies targeting two B7 family co-inhibitory receptors, CTLA-4 and PD-1, have elicited long-term clinical outcomes in previously refractory cancer types and are consi...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/cmi.2017.148
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs), members of the herpesvirus family, have evolved a variety of mechanisms to evade the immune response to survive in infected hosts and to establish latent infection. They effectively hide infected cells from the effector mechanisms of adaptive immunity by eliminating cellular proteins (major h...
journal_title:Cellular & molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/cmi.2014.85
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00