Abstract：
:Microbial communities within anaerobic ecosystems have evolved to degrade and recycle carbon throughout the earth. A number of strains have been isolated from anaerobic microbial communities, which are rich in carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) to liberate fermentable sugars from crude plant biomass (lignocellulose). However, natural anaerobic communities host a wealth of microbial diversity that has yet to be harnessed for biotechnological applications to hydrolyze crude biomass into sugars and value-added products. This review highlights recent advances in 'omics' techniques to sequence anaerobic microbial genomes, decipher microbial membership, and characterize CAZyme diversity in anaerobic microbiomes. With a focus on the herbivore rumen, we further discuss methods to discover new CAZymes, including those found within multi-enzyme fungal cellulosomes. Emerging techniques to characterize the interwoven metabolism and spatial interactions between anaerobes are also reviewed, which will prove critical to developing a predictive understanding of anaerobic communities to guide in microbiome engineering.
journal_name
Curr Opin Biotechnoljournal_title
Current opinion in biotechnologyauthors
Lillington SP,Leggieri PA,Heom KA,O'Malley MAdoi
10.1016/j.copbio.2019.08.015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-01 00:00:00pages
38-47eissn
0958-1669issn
1879-0429pii
S0958-1669(19)30069-2journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Driven by the demand to enhance the economic balance of chemical processes, the transformation of a racemate into a single stereoisomer (the deracemization process) is one of the most important areas of research. The recent development of the combined use of enzyme and metal catalysis has led to efficient deracemizati...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(03)00097-1
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nature of DNA, the sequence of the human genome and our increased understanding of the genetic basis of many inherited and acquired disorders have made the possibility of curing diseases a reality. The modulation of a host's genome is now the ultimate goal in the treatment of genetic diseases. Historically, gene t...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(02)00370-1
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial cell wall hydrolases (BCWHs) display a remarkable structural and functional diversity that offers perspectives for novel food applications, reaching beyond those of the archetype BCWH and established biopreservative hen egg white lysozyme. Insights in BCWHs from bacteriophages to animals have provided concep...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2010.10.012
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many of the gene products of completely sequenced organisms are 'hypothetical' - they cannot be related to any previously characterized proteins - and so are of completely unknown function. Structural studies provide one means of obtaining functional information in these cases. A 'structural genomics' project has been...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(99)00063-4
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in emerging food-processing technologies, such as high hydrostatic pressure or high-intensity electric field pulses, allow targeted and sophisticated modification and preservation of foods. We are beginning to understand the mechanisms involved in pressure inactivation of bacterial spores and have been...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(99)00015-4
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of biological systems in which there is a direct link between the challenges faced by marine organisms and biotechnologies enable us to rationally search for active natural compounds and other novel biotechnologies. This approach is proving successful in developing new methods for the prevention of marine biof...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0958-1669(02)00311-7
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electron capture dissociation (ECD) is a new fragmentation technique used in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and is complementary to traditional tandem mass spectrometry techniques. Disulfide bonds, normally stable to vibrational excitation, are preferentially cleaved in ECD. Fragmentation ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2003.12.002
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Steady increases in the average sulfur content of petroleum and stricter environmental regulations concerning the sulfur content have promoted studies of bioprocessing to upgrade fossil fuels. Bioprocesses can potentially provide a solution to the need for improved and expanded fuel upgrading worldwide, because biopro...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2006.04.005
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbes have long been adapted for the biosynthetic production of useful compounds. There is increasing demand for the rapid and cheap microbial production of diverse molecules in an industrial setting. Microbes can now be designed and engineered for a particular biosynthetic purpose, thanks to recent developments in...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2014.02.014
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biofilms are structured communities of bacteria, which are adhered to a surface and embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Since biofilms are very resistant to antimicrobial agents, they are at the basis of a range of problems, including quality and safety issues in food industry. Re...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2010.10.016
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The conservation and sustainable use of freshwater resources is of global importance. Microorganisms are not only the most abundant organisms in natural freshwater systems, but are also key players in ecological processes controlling water quality. Detailed knowledge of the diversity and function of microorganisms dwe...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2006.05.006
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synthetic proteins provide important information about the principles of protein structure. They illuminate the processes of natural protein evaluation, but are not limited by these processes. Here, we review studies of several mutant proteins and discuss the general principles that can be derived from them. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0958-1669(91)90085-j
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the past year, significant progress in the field of gene transfer has been made possible by refinement of the technique of particle bombardment. The process has been utilized for the study of gene expression in plastids and mitochondria, the production of transgenic crop plants and gene transfer into live animals. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0958-1669(93)90081-7
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transgene expression from the chloroplast (plastid) genome offers several attractions to plant biotechnologists, including high-level accumulation of foreign proteins, transgene stacking in operons and a lack of epigenetic interference with the stability of transgene expression. In addition, the technology provides an...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2006.12.001
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The versatile functionality of microbial biocatalysts offers a promising solution to the growing need to replace conventional, petroleum-derived fuels, chemicals, and materials with sustainable alternatives from renewable biomass. Whereas metabolic pathway engineering and strain optimization have greatly expanded the ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2014.04.005
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolomics consists of strategies to quantitatively identify cellular metabolites and to understand how trafficking of these biochemical messengers through the metabolic network influences phenotype. The application of metabolomics to fungi has been strongly pursued because these organisms are widely used for the pr...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2006.02.001
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growing interest in RNAs for biomedical, agricultural, and other applications has necessitated the development of methods for producing oligoribonucleotides in milligram, or larger, quantities. Recent research on in vitro transcription has focused on optimizing solution conditions and the use of immobilized templates....
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0958-1669(95)80035-2
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spatiotemporal patterns of ion and metabolite levels in living cells are important in understanding signal transduction and metabolite flux. Imaging approaches using genetically encoded sensors are ideal for detecting such molecule dynamics, which are hard to capture otherwise. Recent years have seen iterative imp...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2010.01.009
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of ultrafast laser pulses in surgery has allowed for unprecedented precision with minimal collateral damage to surrounding tissues. For these reasons, ultrafast laser nanosurgery, as an injury model, has gained tremendous momentum in experimental biology ranging from in vitro manipulations of subcellular struc...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2009.01.008
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become increasingly widespread in virtually all aspects of molecular biology. Recently, novel ligation-independent methods have been developed for the cloning of DNA fragments amplified using PCR. Ligation-independent cloning utilizing the enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase (t...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0958-1669(95)80006-9
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recombinant DNA technology has expanded the potential of the targeted screening approach in drug discovery. The use of cloned and expressed receptors as targets for the evaluation of novel compounds can significantly simplify the structure affinity/activity process. However, the patenting of cloned receptors, as well ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0958-1669(93)90038-x
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the development of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), many other ionization methods for ambient and atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry have been developed. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry has now been used for a wide variety of biological applications, including plant science, microbiology, neur...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2014.07.005
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on projections for global population growth, current techniques for improving agricultural yields will not be able to address future demands for major food crops. Improving photosynthetic efficiency by engineering carbon fixation has been identified as one of the most important approaches for increasing agricult...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2017.01.004
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thiopeptide antibiotics, which are a class of sulfur-rich and highly modified peptide natural products, exhibit a wide variety of important biological properties. These antibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and arise from post-translational modifications, exemplifying a process through which nature develops the stru...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2017.06.008
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the hierarchical structure of proteins at their fundamental length scales is essential to get insights into their functions and roles in fundamental biological processes. Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), which overcomes the diffraction limits of conventional optics, provides a powerful anal...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2018.01.022
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stable isotopes are flexibly used as tracers to investigate environmental processes, microorganisms responsible for environmental transformations, syntrophic relationships in consortia, and metabolic pathways. With the advent of widely accessible high-resolution, highly accurate and sensitive mass spectrometers connec...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2016.03.018
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor-derived DNA, found in body fluids (liquid biopsy) of cancer patients as part of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), lends itself for noninvasive cancer detection and monitoring. Advantages of cfDNA as analytical target have evoked a burst of sophisticated techniques, providing clinically relevant information. Each cell type ...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2018.07.002
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of novel materials in the nano-scale size range for applications in devices, drugs and diagnostic agents comes with a number of new opportunities, and also serious challenges to human applications. The larger size of particulate-based agents, as compared to traditional drugs, allows for the significant advanta...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2017.01.002
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biotechnology applications require engineering complex multi-genic traits. The lack of knowledge on the genetic basis of complex phenotypes restricts our ability to rationally engineer them. However, complex phenotypes can be engineered at the systems level, utilizing directed evolution strategies that drive whole bio...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2016.03.016
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fungal bioactive polysaccharides deriving mainly from the Basidiomycetes family (and some from the Ascomycetes) and medicinal mushrooms have been well known and widely used in far Asia as part of traditional diet and medicine, and in the last decades have been the core of intense research for the understanding and the...
journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.copbio.2014.01.010
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
