A Fear Memory Engram and Its Plasticity in the Hypothalamic Oxytocin System.

abstract：:Opioids are commonly used as analgesics for severe pain, but their addictive potential has sparked a misuse epidemic. In this issue of Neuron, Keyes et al. (2020) examine the contributions of distinct paraventricular thalamus (PVT) outputs to contextual opioid memories. They identify a PVT→NAc→LH circuit essential for...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Pribiag H,Lim BK

更新日期：2020-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:In the olfactory bulb of vertebrates or the homologous antennal lobe of insects, odor quality is represented by stereotyped patterns of neuronal activity that are reproducible within and between individuals. Using optical imaging to monitor synaptic activity in the Drosophila antennal lobe, we show here that classical...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Yu D,Ponomarev A,Davis RL

更新日期：2004-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:In a complex nervous system, neuronal functional diversity is reflected in the wide variety of dendritic arbor shapes. Different neuronal classes are defined by class-specific transcription factor combinatorial codes. We show that the combination of the transcription factors Knot and Cut is particular to Drosophila cl...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Jinushi-Nakao S,Arvind R,Amikura R,Kinameri E,Liu AW,Moore AW

更新日期：2007-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Neuron, Kremeyer et al. describe a gain-of-function mutation of TRPA1 that produces a painful disorder, familial episodic pain syndrome. This discovery enlarges the list of ion channels that, when mutated, produce pain. The growing universe of "channelopathic pain" presents some interesting overarchin...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Waxman SG

更新日期：2010-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuromodulators are important regulators of synaptic transmission throughout the brain. At the presynaptic terminal, neuromodulation of calcium channels (CaVs) can affect transmission not only by changing neurotransmitter release probability, but also by shaping short-term plasticity (STP). Indeed, changes in STP are ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Burke KJ Jr,Keeshen CM,Bender KJ

更新日期：2018-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Basolateral amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex are implicated in cue-outcome learning. In this issue of Neuron, Schoenbaum et al. show that, following basolateral amygdala lesions, cue-selective neurons in orbitofrontal cortex are more sensory driven and less sensitive to the motivational value of an outcome, suggestin...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： O'Doherty J

更新日期：2003-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is concentrated at the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse. To determine whether increased transcript levels could underlie this selective accumulation, we employed a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-based assay to determine mRNA copy number in samples as small as s...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Jasmin BJ,Lee RK,Rotundo RL

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell proliferation during successive stages of oligodendrocyte development was delineated in the rat brain and optic nerve. Surface antigens, A2B5, O4, and galactocerebroside (GalC) identified three cell populations emerging in sequence; the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into newly synthesized DNA identified the ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Gard AL,Pfeiffer SE

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During development, newly born neurons migrate away from their initial birth sites to their final positions in the mature brain. The neurotrophin BDNF has been shown to regulate the migration of granule cells in the cerebellum. The cellular mechanisms that mediate this chemotactic response have not been resolved. In t...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Kaplan DR,Miller FD

更新日期：2007-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The intraparietal cortex is involved in the control of visually guided actions, like reach-to-grasp movements, which require extracting the 3D shape and position of objects from 2D retinal images. Using fMRI in behaving monkeys, we investigated the role of the intraparietal cortex in processing stereoscopic informatio...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Durand JB,Nelissen K,Joly O,Wardak C,Todd JT,Norman JF,Janssen P,Vanduffel W,Orban GA

更新日期：2007-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:To characterize the role of rare complete human knockouts in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), we identify genes with homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) variants (defined as nonsense and essential splice sites) from exome sequencing of 933 cases and 869 controls. We identify a 2-fold increase i...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Lim ET,Raychaudhuri S,Sanders SJ,Stevens C,Sabo A,MacArthur DG,Neale BM,Kirby A,Ruderfer DM,Fromer M,Lek M,Liu L,Flannick J,Ripke S,Nagaswamy U,Muzny D,Reid JG,Hawes A,Newsham I,Wu Y,Lewis L,Dinh H,Gross S,W

更新日期：2013-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Spontaneous fMRI fluctuations are organized in large-scale spatiotemporal structures, or resting-state networks (RSN). However, it is unknown how task performance affects RSN dynamics. We use MEG to measure slow (∼0.1 Hz) coherent fluctuations of band-limited power (BLP), a robust correlate of RSN, during rest and mov...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Betti V,Della Penna S,de Pasquale F,Mantini D,Marzetti L,Romani GL,Corbetta M

更新日期：2013-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexually dimorphic behaviors are likely to involve neural pathways that express the androgen receptor (AR). We have genetically modified the AR locus to visualize dimorphisms in neuronal populations that express AR. Analysis of AR-positive neurons reveals both known dimorphisms in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Shah NM,Pisapia DJ,Maniatis S,Mendelsohn MM,Nemes A,Axel R

更新日期：2004-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:When faced with a crowded visual scene, observers must selectively attend to behaviorally relevant objects to avoid sensory overload. Often this selection process is guided by prior knowledge of a target-defining feature (e.g., the color red when looking for an apple), which enhances the firing rate of visual neurons ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Serences JT,Boynton GM

更新日期：2007-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The hippocampus is essential for spatiotemporal cognition. Sequences of neuronal activation provide a substrate for this fundamental function. At the behavioral timescale, these sequences have been shown to occur either in the presence of successive external landmarks or through internal mechanisms within an episodic ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Villette V,Malvache A,Tressard T,Dupuy N,Cossart R

更新日期：2015-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The dopamine D3 receptor is expressed primarily in regions of the brain that are thought to influence motivation and motor functions. To specify in vivo D3 receptor function, we generated mutant mice lacking this receptor. Our analysis indicates that in a novel environment, D3 mutant mice are transiently more active t...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Xu M,Koeltzow TE,Santiago GT,Moratalla R,Cooper DC,Hu XT,White NM,Graybiel AM,White FJ,Tonegawa S

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroscience is an exciting and vibrant field, but building an academic career is not always easy. What are critical success indicators? Which tools help talented young neuroscientists conquer the challenges? In this NeuroView, we discuss instruments and steps that can help people progress through the ranks. ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Joëls M,Hoogenraad CC,Poirazi P,Di Luca M

更新日期：2015-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The hippocampus and its associated structures play a key role in human memory, yet the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report that during encoding and recognition, single neurons in the medial temporal lobe discriminated faces from inanimate objects. Some units responded selectively to specific...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Fried I,MacDonald KA,Wilson CL

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Under ambient air conditions, NO inhibits NMDAR activity by reacting with the NR2A subunit C399 along with two additional cysteine pairs if their disulfide bonds are reduced to free thiol groups [NR1(C744,C798); NR2(C87,C320)]. Here we demonstrate that relative hypoxia enhances S-nitrosylation of NMDARs by a unique me...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Takahashi H,Shin Y,Cho SJ,Zago WM,Nakamura T,Gu Z,Ma Y,Furukawa H,Liddington R,Zhang D,Tong G,Chen HS,Lipton SA

更新日期：2007-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Sympathetic neurons depend on nerve growth factor (NGF) for survival and die by apoptosis in its absence. We have investigated the pattern of expression of the Jun and Fos family of transcription factors in dying sympathetic neurons using antibodies specific for each family member. When sympathetic neurons are deprive...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Ham J,Babij C,Whitfield J,Pfarr CM,Lallemand D,Yaniv M,Rubin LL

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much recent discussion about the origin of Parkinsonian symptoms has centered around the idea that they arise with the increase of beta frequency waves in the EEG. This activity may be closely related to an oscillation between subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus. Since STN is the target of deep brain stimula...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Li Q,Ke Y,Chan DC,Qian ZM,Yung KK,Ko H,Arbuthnott GW,Yung WH

更新日期：2012-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic deletion of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) has been shown to enhance mGluR-dependent long-term depression (LTD). Herein, we demonstrate that mGluR-LTD induces a transient, translation-dependent increase in FMRP that is rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Moreover, proteasome inhi...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Hou L,Antion MD,Hu D,Spencer CM,Paylor R,Klann E

更新日期：2006-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditional studies of neuroanatomical connections require injection of tracer compounds into living brains, then histology of the postmortem tissue. Here, we describe and validate a compound that reveals neuronal connections in vivo, using MRI. The classic anatomical tracer CTB (cholera-toxin subunit-B) was conjugate...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Wu CW,Vasalatiy O,Liu N,Wu H,Cheal S,Chen DY,Koretsky AP,Griffiths GL,Tootell RB,Ungerleider LG

更新日期：2011-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels and voltage-gated A-type Kv4 channels shape dendritic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Synaptically evoked Ca(2+) influx through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) activates spine SK channels, reducing EPSPs and ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Wang K,Lin MT,Adelman JP,Maylie J

更新日期：2014-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Effective error-driven learning benefits from scaling of prediction errors to reward variability. Such behavioral adaptation may be facilitated by neurons coding prediction errors relative to the standard deviation (SD) of reward distributions. To investigate this hypothesis, we required participants to predict the ma...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Diederen KM,Spencer T,Vestergaard MD,Fletcher PC,Schultz W

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The N-myc and the L-myc proto-oncogenes are expressed during embryonal development mainly in the developing brain. Studies of their expression in single neuroepithelial cells revealed that neural precursors not yet committed to the glial or the neuronal lineage expressed both genes, but after lineage commitment they e...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Bernard O,Drago J,Sheng H

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A critical feature of neural networks is that they balance excitation and inhibition to prevent pathological dysfunction. How this is achieved is largely unknown, although deficits in the balance contribute to many neurological disorders. We show here that a microRNA (miR-101) is a key orchestrator of this essential f...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Lippi G,Fernandes CC,Ewell LA,John D,Romoli B,Curia G,Taylor SR,Frady EP,Jensen AB,Liu JC,Chaabane MM,Belal C,Nathanson JL,Zoli M,Leutgeb JK,Biagini G,Yeo GW,Berg DK

更新日期：2016-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:We provide physiological, pharmacological, and structural evidence that axons of hippocampal principal cells are electrically coupled, with prepotentials or spikelets forming the physiological substrate of electrical coupling as observed in cell somata. Antidromic activation of neighboring axons induced somatic spikel...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Schmitz D,Schuchmann S,Fisahn A,Draguhn A,Buhl EH,Petrasch-Parwez E,Dermietzel R,Heinemann U,Traub RD

更新日期：2001-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Neuron, Espuny-Camacho et al. (2017) generate a humanized Alzheimer's disease (AD) model that reveals species-specific vulnerability of human neurons to AD pathology. This model provides key insights for disease mechanism and therapeutic discovery for AD. ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Cahill MK,Huang EJ

更新日期：2017-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Several aspects of perception, particularly those pertaining to vision, are closely linked to the occipital alpha (alpha) rhythm. However, how the alpha rhythm relates to the activity of neurons that convey primary visual information is unknown. Here we show that in behaving cats, thalamocortical neurons in the latera...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Lorincz ML,Kékesi KA,Juhász G,Crunelli V,Hughes SW

更新日期：2009-09-10 00:00:00