Abstract：
RATIONALE:Despite the high prevalence of nicotine use in humans, robust nicotine self-administration has been difficult to demonstrate in laboratory animals. OBJECTIVES:A parametric analysis of nicotine self-administration was conducted to study its reinforcing effects in nonhuman primates. METHODS:Adult rhesus macaques (N = 6) self-administered intravenous (IV) nicotine (0.001-0.1 mg/kg) under a fixed-ratio (FR)1 schedule of reinforcement during daily 90-min sessions. Next, the demand function relating drug intake and response cost was determined by increasing the FR across sessions during the availability of each of several unit doses of nicotine (0.0032-0.032 mg/kg/inj). The reinforcing effects of 0.01 mg/kg/inj cocaine and 1 g banana-flavored food pellets were also determined under similar testing conditions. Finally, the nicotine demand function was re-determined after approximately 8 months of daily IV nicotine self-administration. RESULTS:IV nicotine self-administration followed an inverted U-shaped pattern, with the peak number of injections maintained by 0.0032 mg/kg/inj. Self-administration of each reinforcer (food pellets, IV cocaine, and IV nicotine) decreased as FR size increased. Application of the exponential model of demand showed that demand elasticity for nicotine was (1) dose-dependent and lowest for 0.0032 mg/kg/inj; (2) for 0.0032 mg/kg/inj, similar to that of food pellets and significantly higher than cocaine; and (3) decreased after 8 months of daily nicotine self-administration. CONCLUSIONS:These data show that, though high levels of nicotine self-administration can be achieved under simple FR schedules in nonhuman primates, its reinforcing effectiveness is dose-related but limited and may increase over time.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Kohut SJ,Bergman Jdoi
10.1007/s00213-016-4293-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-07-01 00:00:00pages
2451-8issue
13eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072pii
10.1007/s00213-016-4293-yjournal_volume
233pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The modulation of spontaneous (social and individual) behaviour as a function of the age of the rat (1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months) and of scopolamine dose (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg) was studied. Observations were conducted during the dark phase of the reverse light/dark schedule using a reintroduction procedure. R...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00181945
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Most adult smokers start smoking during their adolescence. This adolescent initiation may be due to multiple factors, but little evidence is available regarding whether their brains are differentially sensitive to the addictive effects of nicotine during adolescence. OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis that ado...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
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doi：10.1007/s00213-002-1199-7
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-0801-4
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-002-1296-7
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00213-010-2000-y
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00431102
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00217053
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246437
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02439600
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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doi：10.1007/s00213-002-1227-7
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00433492
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
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更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00439104
更新日期：1977-04-29 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
