Abstract:
RATIONALE:Varenicline is believed to work, in part, by reducing craving responses to smoking cues and by reducing general levels of craving; however, these hypotheses have never been evaluated with craving assessed in the natural environments of treatment-seeking smokers. OBJECTIVES:Ecological momentary assessment procedures were used to assess the impact of varenicline on cue-specific and general craving in treatment-seeking smokers prior to quitting. METHODS:For 5 weeks prior to quitting, 60 smokers carried personal digital assistants that assessed their response to smoking or neutral cues. During week 1 (baseline), participants did not receive medication; during weeks 2-4 (drug manipulation), participants were randomized to receive varenicline or placebo; during week 5 (standard therapy), all participants received varenicline. Craving was assessed before each cue; cue-specific craving and attention to cue were assessed after each cue. RESULTS:During all phases, smoking cues elicited greater craving than neutral cues; the magnitude of this effect declined after the first week. General craving declined across each phase of the study. Relative to the placebo condition, varenicline was associated with a greater decline in general craving over the drug manipulation phase. Varenicline did not significantly attenuate cue-specific craving during any phase of the study. CONCLUSIONS:Smoking cues delivered in the natural environment elicited strong craving responses in treatment-seeking smokers, but cue-specific craving was not affected by varenicline administered prior to the quit attempt. These findings suggest that the clinical efficacy of varenicline is not mediated by changes in cue-specific craving during the pre-quit period of treatment-seeking smokers.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Gass JC,Wray JM,Hawk LW,Mahoney MC,Tiffany STdoi
10.1007/s00213-012-2698-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-09-01 00:00:00pages
107-16issue
1eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
223pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::This study compared the efficacy of buprenorphine to methadone for decreasing cocaine use in patients with combined opioid and cocaine use. Participants (n = 51) were enrolled in a 26-week treatment program and randomly assigned to either buprenorphine or methadone. Dosing was double-blind and double-dummy. Patients w...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02247469
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously demonstrated that depletion of forebrain norepinephrine (NE) led to an attenuation of neophobia in a novel environment, as defined by a greater preference for novel food over familiar food. To study further the role of forebrain NE in neophobia we chronically infused noradrenergic receptor ligands o...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02253601
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050124
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abstract:RATIONALE:The dopaminergic system, particularly D2-like dopamine receptors, has been strongly implicated in reward processing. Animal studies have emphasized the role of phasic dopamine (DA) signaling in reward-related learning, but these processes remain largely unexplored in humans. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0957-y
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abstract::Repeated amphetamine (AMPH) administration into the nucleus accumbens does not enhance (sensitize) the locomotor activity produced by a subsequent systemic AMPH challenge. We report here, however, that pretreatment with systemic injections of AMPH does produce a significant enhancement in the locomotor stimulant effec...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244569
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246149
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02439580
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050027
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abstract:RATIONALE:Somatostatin and its receptors have been localized in brain nuclei implicated in motor control, such as the striatum, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and globus pallidus (GP). OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to investigate the role of somatostatin receptors (sst(1,2,4)) in the GP on dopamine ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1305-6
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1808-9
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cataleptogenic effect of delta 9-THC was compared to its discriminative stimulus effects in rats. The ED50s for the discriminative stimulus and catalepsy were 0.8 and 4.0 mg/kg, respectively, while their time courses were very similar. The ED50 of delta 9-THC for catalepsy in experimentally naive rats was not diff...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244975
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1777-y
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427798
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Relapse to drug-seeking in abstinent heroin addicts and reinstatement in experimental animals are observed when exposed to drug-associated stimuli or cues, the drug itself, and stressful events. It has been shown that footshock-induced stress increases the rewarding effects of opiates, delays extinction, and ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
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abstract::A prospective, placebo-controlled, comparative evaluation was conducted on two widely prescribed, sympatholytic antihypertensive agents with known CNS effects. In order to separately assess these effects in younger and older male hypertensives, patients were assigned to either of two treatment studies based on age. Fo...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Murine neuroblastoma cells (clone N1E-115) possess both high- and low-affinity muscarinic receptors. The low-affinity muscarinic receptor, when stimulated, initiates the formation of cyclic GMP by activating the enzyme guanylate cyclase; whereas stimulation of the high-affinity receptor inhibits prostaglanding E1-medi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427901
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00