Abstract：
:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has led to the identification of widespread brain abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) that extend far beyond the classic white matter lesion. These findings have generated the idea that MS should be understood as a disease of the whole brain, not just the white matter. While it is no doubt the case that many different pathways are ultimately involved in the destruction of brain tissue that occurs in MS, the implications of the accumulated evidence for understanding disease pathophysiology - and hence the overall significance of these imaging findings - are doubtful. Here, I argue that the principled use of imaging can, in fact, address questions about the genesis of these whole-brain abnormalities, rather than simply describe them.
journal_name
J Neuroimmunoljournal_title
Journal of neuroimmunologyauthors
Reich DSdoi
10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.09.015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-03-15 00:00:00pages
72-80eissn
0165-5728issn
1872-8421pii
S0165-5728(16)30307-1journal_volume
304pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T helper 1 (Th1) cell mediated demyelinating disease and the principal animal model for multiple sclerosis. Spinal cords from SJL mice primed with proteolipid protein peptide 139-151 (pPLP) expressed the chemokines RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-2, KC, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, Mi...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00351-9
更新日期：2000-10-02 00:00:00
abstract：:VCAM-1 is an adhesion molecule that is important to leukocyte movement across the blood-brain barrier and is involved in the formation of destructive CNS inflammatory lesions in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). We examined VCAM-1 expression in the CNS of animals with passive...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.02.012
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To explore the hypothesis that gammadelta T cells may regulate activated alphabeta T cells, we studied gammadelta T cell responses to alphabeta T cell clones in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients who received attenuated autologous autoreactive T cells. We recently conducted a pilot study of T cell vaccination with myeli...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00060-5
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated whether anti-CD40 Ab and 8-oxo-dG attenuate mast cell migration and EAE development. Anti-CD40 Ab and 8-oxo-dG reduced EAE scores, mast cell numbers, expression of adhesion molecules, OX40L and Act1, levels of TNF-α, LTs, expression of cytokines, and co-localization of Treg cells and mast cells...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.04.002
更新日期：2013-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the concentration of antineuronal antibodies in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 19 patients with central and peripheral paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS), using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing recombinant antineuronal antigens (HuD, Yo, Ri, CV2/CRMP...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.11.008
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of immune responses and have been associated with autoimmunity in animal models and human disease. The effects of interferon beta (IFN-beta), an immunomodulatory cytokine used in multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy, on DCs are not well understood. Monocyte-derived DCs at different ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00482-9
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum and CSF specimens from clinically healthy Brown Norway (BN) rats inoculated intracerebrally with corona virus JHM were analysed with respect to the state of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the intrathecal synthesis and isoelectric distribution of immunoglobulins (Ig). Increased CSF/serum ratios for Ig in the c...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(87)90017-8
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated T cell epitopes of guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP) that induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in DA rats, using synthetic peptides that correspond to regions of the guinea pig MBP molecule that are homologous to rat MBP. Four peptides were encephalitogenic when tested in DA rats....
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00084-2
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum anti-GM1 IgA antibodies were detected in 15 of 53 (28%) patients with the acute Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and in one of 26 (4%) patients with other neurological diseases. Although nine GBS patients had anti-GM1 IgA titers of 1:200 or less, six patients had titers of 1:800 or more. Some GBS patients with anti...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(92)90031-f
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrathecal Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is elevated in some central nervous system (CNS) diseases and microglia upregulate Fcγ receptors in various neurological disorders. However, the interaction between IgG or IgG immune complexes and microglial Fcγ receptors is not fully understood. In this study, the effect of IgG(1) i...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.01.004
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2D-immunomics may be useful in the identification of autoantigens in neurological autoimmune diseases, but its application may be limited by denaturation of target proteins. Here we compared the capacity of a single or multiple antigens to elicit autoantibodies targeting multiple neural autoantigens by ELISA and 2D-im...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.10.004
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growing evidence suggests a role for brain-gut-microbiota axis in affective disorders including major depression and bipolar disorder (BD). Herein, we aim to explore, by employing germ-free (GF) mice, the effect of the indigenous microbiota in the development of mania-like behavior. Conventional and GF mice were evalu...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577292
更新日期：2020-06-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Astrocytes provide crucial support for neurons and their impairment by viruses or their interactions with anti-viral or autoimmune responses could contribute to neurological disease. We have developed a transgenic mouse model to assess lymphocyte-astrocyte interactions. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(94)90163-5
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is widely believed that multiple sclerosis is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease associated with abnormalities in immunoregulation. This large, prospective study evaluated the lymphocyte immunophenotypic profile of 246 MS patients, divided clinically into a remitting/relapsing group (n = 176) and a progressive gr...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(95)00137-9
更新日期：1995-12-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Changes in mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation and NK activity were evaluated after acute (1 h) and chronic (6 d) in vivo treatment of rats with the synthetic cannabinoid compound CP-55,940. At a dose of 0.4 mg/kg i.p. it significantly inhibited the splenocyte proliferative response to PHA and NK activity but hal...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00149-5
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) establishes a persistent infection in the central nervous system (CNS). To examine the role of type I interferon (IFN-I)-mediated signals in TMEV infection, mice lacking a subunit of the type I IFN receptor (IFN-IR KO mice) were utilized. In contrast to wild type mice, I...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.05.028
更新日期：2010-09-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a genetic disease leading to the loss of central vision and optic nerve atrophy. The existence of occasional cases of LHON patients developing a Multiple Sclerosis (MS)-like illness and the hypothesis that mtDNA variants may be involved in MS suggest the possibility of som...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.10.004
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Substance P (SP) can produce cytokine-like responses by astrocytes and mononuclear cells. In an effort to identify neurokinin-1-receptors (NK1-R), an antibody to NK1-R was generated by using a linear peptide sequence from the deduced third extracellular region (ECR) corresponding to the seven transmembrane rat brain N...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(96)00033-1
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zymosan has previously been reported to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Here we demonstrate that low dose zymosan prevented or reversed chronic and relapsing paralysis in EAE. In suppressing CNS autoimmune inflammation, zymosan not only regulated APC costimulator and MHC class II expression, ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.08.013
更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to evaluate the type-1 immune response by analyzing T-bet expression in circulating T and B cells in Primary Progressive (PP) and Secondary Progressive (SP) Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. We found higher percentages of circulating CD4+T-bet+ and CD8+T-bet+ T cells in SPMS and PPMS than in r...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.04.019
更新日期：2012-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The fourth member of the beta(2)-integrin family of adhesion molecules, CD11d (alpha(D)beta(2)), is expressed on a wide variety of immune cells, however its function in autoimmune diseases, including EAE remains unknown. We induced EAE in wild-type and CD11d(-/-) C57BL/6 mice using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.12.007
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated T cell immunity to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and assessed cross-reactivity of the anti-EBV cellular response with brain antigens. We measured the proliferation, cytotoxicity, and number of interferon-γ secreting cells following stimulation with autologous EBV-infected lymphobl...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.08.009
更新日期：2010-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the role of endogenous interleukin-18 (IL-18) in pneumococcal meningitis, meningitis was induced in IL-18 gene-deficient (IL-18(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) mice by intranasal inoculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae with hyaluronidase. Induction of meningitis resulted in an upregulation of both pro- and matur...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(03)00088-2
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eleven dogs were experimentally infected with canine distemper virus and studied for periods of up to 63 days post-inoculation. The responsiveness of lymphocytes in vitro toward phytohemagglutinin, myelin basic protein and galactocerebroside was tested at regular intervals during the course of infection by means of [3...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(83)90013-9
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on gene expression data, we tested the P8A-CCL2 variant of the chemokine CCL2, able to interfere with the chemotactic properties of the parental molecule, in relapsing-remitting (RR)-EAE SJL. Only preventive treatment significantly delayed disease onset in a dose dependent manner. P8A-CCL2 administration, howeve...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.01.022
更新日期：2009-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effect of acute (1 h) or chronic exposure (7 and 14 days) to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) on immune parameters in male Swiss mice. One hour after a dose of 10 mg/kg s.c., the splenocyte proliferative response to ConA and NK activity were not inhibited, but there was a significant decrease in...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00177-5
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the brain volume and rate of atrophy in 85 Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The mean brain volume was smaller and the rate of atrophy appeared to be more rapid in MS patients than in normal subjects. The brain atrophy seemed to exist from the early stage of MS and was prominent in the grey ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.03.009
更新日期：2017-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to determine the seasonal impact on the clinical onset of inflammatory neurological diseases of the central nervous system by analyzing the onset month with information on clinical manifestations in Japanese patients. As a result, patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG)-positive neuromyel...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577431
更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in the GBA gene are related to an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. The exact molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between GBA and α-synuclein, a protein that has been associated with several neurological diseases, remain unsolved. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) i...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.11.005
更新日期：2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine clinical features of neurologic disorders associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (anti-GAD-Ab), we examined titers and time-dependent changes of anti-GAD-Ab. Six patients, stiff person syndrome (2), cerebellar ataxia (1), limbic encephalitis (1), epilepsy (1), brainstem encephalitis (...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.01.007
更新日期：2018-04-15 00:00:00
