Abstract：
:Stronger adaptive immune responses in females can be observed in different mammals, resulting in better control of infections compared to males. However, this presumably evolutionary difference likely also drives higher incidence of autoimmune diseases observed in humans. Here, we summarize sex differences in the most common autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) and discuss recent advances in the understanding of possible underlying immunological and CNS intrinsic mechanisms. In multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common inflammatory disease of the CNS, but also in rarer conditions, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) or neuronal autoantibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis (AE), sex is one of the top risk factors, with women being more often affected than men. Immunological mechanisms driving the sex bias in autoimmune CNS diseases are complex and include hormonal as well as genetic and epigenetic effects, which could also be exerted indirectly via modulation of the microbiome. Furthermore, CNS intrinsic differences could underlie the sex bias in autoimmunity by differential responses to injury. The strong effects of sex on incidence and possibly also activity and progression of autoimmune CNS disorders suggest that treatments need to be tailored to each sex to optimize efficacy. To date, however, due to a lack of systematic studies on treatment responses in males versus females, evidence in this area is still sparse. We argue that studies taking sex differences into account could pave the way for sex-specific and therefore personalized treatment.
journal_name
Semin Immunopatholjournal_title
Seminars in immunopathologyauthors
Gold SM,Willing A,Leypoldt F,Paul F,Friese MAdoi
10.1007/s00281-018-0723-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-01 00:00:00pages
177-188issue
2eissn
1863-2297issn
1863-2300pii
10.1007/s00281-018-0723-8journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The defining hallmark of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is deposition of polymeric IgA1 in the glomerular mesangium accompanied by a mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. The mechanisms involved in mesangial polymeric IgA1 deposition and the initiation of inflammatory glomerular injury remain unclear. This lack of a com...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0511-7
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
