Abstract:
:Translational research generally refers to a "bench to bedside" approach where basic science discoveries in models move to clinical trials in humans. However, a "bedside to bench to bedside" approach may be more promising with respect to clinical relevance, since it starts with a clinical observation that can serve as a research paradigm to elucidate mechanisms and translate them back into novel therapeutic approaches. The effect of pregnancy on human autoimmune disorders in general, and multiple sclerosis (MS) in particular, serves as an intriguing example of how this can be used to understand disease pathobiology and discover new therapeutic targets. Disease activity in MS undergoes pronounced shifts in the time before, during, and after pregnancy. The most well-known and established example is a reduction in relapse rates in the last trimester by 70-80 %. However, disease activity reappears in the first few months after delivery, temporarily overshooting pre-pregnancy levels. This phenomenon has since its first description served as a model for investigating novel treatment options in animal models and has cumulated in successful phase 2a and 2b trials in female MS patients. However, recently, a number of other clinical observations have been made that might be similarly suitable to offer additional insights into pathobiological mechanisms of MS activity, progression, and possibly even incidence. Here, we outline the various changes in the clinical course of MS that have been described in relation to pregnancy, both short term and long term, and discuss how these may inform the development of novel treatments for autoimmune diseases.
journal_name
Semin Immunopatholjournal_title
Seminars in immunopathologyauthors
Gold SM,Voskuhl RRdoi
10.1007/s00281-016-0584-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-11-01 00:00:00pages
709-718issue
6eissn
1863-2297issn
1863-2300pii
10.1007/s00281-016-0584-yjournal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Obesity represents a serious health problem as it is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with reduced healthspan and lifespan, decreased responses to infections and vaccination, and increased frequency of inflammatory conditions typical of old age. Obesity is characterized by increased fat mass and rem...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-020-00812-1
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate Richard Feynman outlined in his 1959 lecture, "There's plenty of room at the bottom", the enormous possibility of producing and visualising things at smaller scales. The advent of advanced scanning and transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution microscopy has begu...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-014-0463-3
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophages in lymphoid organs exhibit a wide variety of phenotypes and functions. These cells excel in the removal of apoptotic cells that arise during the generation of immune cells and are thereby essential for the prevention of auto-immune responses. In addition to this macrophages in the secondary lymphoid organs...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00281-013-0378-4
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystein-rich protein 61 (CYR61/CCN1) is a component of the extracellular matrix, which is produced and secreted by several cell types including endothelial cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. CCN1 has been implicated in leukocyte migration and the inflammatory process, but it is also involved in cardiovascular...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-014-0420-1
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of food allergy in developed countries is rising at a rate that cannot be attributed to genetic variation alone. In this review, we discuss the environmental factors that may contribute to the increasing prevalence of potentially fatal anaphylactic responses to food. Decreased exposure to enteric infecti...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-012-0337-5
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unfortunately, an error occurred in the following passus of the article. The word "receptor" was missing in the sentence "Because T cells do not express GM-CSF receptor [41], GM-CSF affects non-T cells." ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s00281-019-00746-3
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Close association between chronic inflammation and cancer has been recently highlighted. Indeed, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been strongly linked with an increased risk of development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Inflammatory cell-produced inflammatory mediators, such as proinflammatory cytokines and inducible...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00281-012-0343-7
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes are associated with meta-inflammation. β-Cell failure is a major component of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It is now well established that increased numbers of innate immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines have detrimental effects on islets in these chronic conditi...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-019-00745-4
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in men and seventh in women, accounting for 7 % of all cancers, and the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Nearly 90 to 95 % of all HCC occur in the context of known and often preventable risk factors, such as chronic viral hepatitis, alcohol a...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-012-0330-z
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm birth, defined as delivery at less than 37 weeks' gestation, increases maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality and places heavy financial and emotional burdens on families and society. Although premature cervical remodeling is a major factor in many preterm deliveries, how and why this occurs is poorly understo...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-020-00800-5
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human pregnancy is a metabolic and immune challenge for the mother who has to accommodate in her womb a semi-allogeneic fetus whose energy needs increase tremendously with gestation. Recent compelling research has suggested that proper inflammatory changes and oxidative balance are a requisite for successful pregnancy...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-007-0071-6
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular pathogens need to develop sophisticated mechanisms to survive and thrive in the hostile environment within host cells. Unicellular, eukaryotic parasites from the Apicomplexa phylum have become masters of manipulating their host cells, exploiting signaling, and metabolic pathways to hijack host gene expre...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-020-00779-z
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD69 is an activation marker on leukocytes. Early studies showed that the CD69+ cells were detected in the lung of patients with asthmatic and eosinophilic pneumonia, suggesting that CD69 might play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of such inflammatory diseases, rather than simply being an activation marker. Intensiv...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-019-00734-7
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are two severe autoimmune bullous diseases of the mucosae and/or skin associated with autoantibodies directed against desmoglein (Dsg) 3 and/or Dsg1. These two desmosomal cadherins, typifying stratified epithelia, are components of cell adhesion complexes called des...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-015-0541-1
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) lie at the heart of the innate immune system, specialised at recognising danger signals in many forms including foreign material, infection or tissue damage and initiating powerful adaptive immune and inflammatory responses. In barrier sites such as the lung, the instrumental role that DCs play a...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-016-0571-3
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibrosis is a multicellular wound healing process, where myofibroblasts that express extracellular matrix components extensively cross-talk with other cells resident in the liver or recruited from the bloodstream. Macrophages and infiltrating monocytes participate in the development of fibrosis via several mechanisms,...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-009-0169-0
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central nervous system (CNS) is tightly sealed from the changeable milieu of blood by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB). While the BBB is considered to be localized at the level of the endothelial cells within CNS microvessels, the BCSFB is established by choroid...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-009-0177-0
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is a common, complex, multifaceted disease. It comprises multiple phenotypes, which might benefit from treatment with different types of innovative targeted therapies. Refining these phenotypes and understanding their underlying biological structure would help to apply precision medicine approaches. Using diffe...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-019-00776-x
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with clinical manifestations of differing severity. The exact pathomechanisms and interactions resulting in the inflammatory and immunological processes of this heterogeneous disease remain elusive. Approaches in the understanding of the pathomechanisms r...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-015-0550-0
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a severity spectrum of rare diseases. CAPS comprises the three conditions previously described as familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disorder (NOMID), also known as chronic infanti...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-015-0491-7
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Itch is a unique sensation associated with the scratch reflex. Although the scratch reflex plays a protective role in daily life by removing irritants, chronic itch remains a clinical challenge. Despite urgent clinical need, itch has received relatively little research attention and its mechanisms have remained poorly...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-015-0530-4
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::LIGHT and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) comprise a ligand-receptor pair in the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. These molecules play an important role in regulating immunity, particularly in the intestinal mucosa. LIGHT also binds the lymphotoxin beta receptor, and HVEM can act as a ligand for immunoglobulin fa...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-009-0157-4
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since life in a terrestrial environment threatens mammals continuously with desiccation, the structural, cellular, biochemical, and regulatory mechanisms that sustain permeability barrier homeostasis have justifiably comprised a major thrust of prior and recent research on epidermal barrier function. Yet, the epidermi...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-007-0060-9
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection by the intracellular bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Slow progress has been made in lessening the impact of tuberculosis (TB) on human health, especially in parts of the world where Mtb is endemic. Due to the complexity of TB disease,...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-015-0537-x
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-9 is a cytokine classically related to type 2 immune responses whose cellular identity has been recently reevaluated to identify a new specialized T helper subset called Th9 and an innate source referred as innate lymphoid cell type 2. Over the past years, IL-9 has been associated with allergic responses, ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-016-0606-9
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nociception is the process of transmission of painful signals by nociceptors in the primary afferent nerve fibers, which specifically respond to noxious stimuli. These noxious stimuli are detected by nociceptors and converted into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the spinal cord, thalamus, and the cer...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-015-0526-0
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is perceived as a chronic immune-mediated disease with a subclinical prodromal period characterized by selective loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets in genetically susceptible subjects. The incidence of T1D has increased manifold in most developed countries after World W...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-017-0665-6
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The liver is the central metabolic organ of the organism and is thus constantly exposed to gut-derived dietary and microbial antigens. The liver maintains homoeostatic tolerance to these mostly harmless antigens. However, the liver also functions as a barrier organ to harmful pathogens and is thus permissive to liver ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-017-0659-4
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This issue of Seminars in Immunopathology is devoted to the most recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms leading to tissue injury in autoimmune diseases. These include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes, autoimmune liver diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimm...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1007/s00281-014-0446-4
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gut. Although the precise cause of IBD remains unknown, the most accepted hypothesis of IBD pathogenesis to date is that an aberrant immune response against the gut microbiota is triggered by environmental factors in a genetically...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-014-0454-4
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00