Abstract:
:Since life in a terrestrial environment threatens mammals continuously with desiccation, the structural, cellular, biochemical, and regulatory mechanisms that sustain permeability barrier homeostasis have justifiably comprised a major thrust of prior and recent research on epidermal barrier function. Yet, the epidermis mediates a broad set of protective 'barrier' functions that includes defense against pathogen challenges. Permeability and antimicrobial function are both co-regulated and interdependent, overlapping through the dual activities of their lipid/protein constituents. Most of the defensive (barrier) functions of the epidermis localize to the stratum corneum (SC), which limits pathogen colonization through its low water content, acidic pH, resident (normal) microflora, and surface-deposited antimicrobial lipids (1 degree free fatty acid). These various barrier functions are largely mediated by either the corneocyte or the extracellular matrix, and it is both the localization and the organization of secreted hydrophobic lipids into characteristic lamellar bilayers that is critical not only for permeability barrier function, but also for antimicrobial function through its contribution to the maintenance of SC integrity. Low constitutive levels of antimicrobial peptides under basal conditions emphasize the key role of epithelial structure in antimicrobial defense. But antimicrobial peptide synthesis and delivery to the SC interstices accelerates after external insults to the barrier.
journal_name
Semin Immunopatholjournal_title
Seminars in immunopathologyauthors
Elias PMdoi
10.1007/s00281-007-0060-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-04-01 00:00:00pages
3-14issue
1eissn
1863-2297issn
1863-2300journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Close association between chronic inflammation and cancer has been recently highlighted. Indeed, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been strongly linked with an increased risk of development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Inflammatory cell-produced inflammatory mediators, such as proinflammatory cytokines and inducible...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00281-012-0343-7
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mucosal immune system and the microbiota in the intestinal tract have recently been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both of these can be influenced by food. Thus, we propose dietary intervention as a therapeutic option for IBD. In this review, we discuss the intera...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-017-0658-5
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm birth, defined as delivery at less than 37 weeks' gestation, increases maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality and places heavy financial and emotional burdens on families and society. Although premature cervical remodeling is a major factor in many preterm deliveries, how and why this occurs is poorly understo...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-020-00800-5
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoprotein family, also referred to as human leukocyte antigens, present endogenous and exogenous antigens to T lymphocytes for recognition and response. These molecules play a central role in enabling the immune system to distinguish self from non-self, which is the basis ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-012-0309-9
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A relatively large number of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are known to regulate signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR). Recent human genetics studies have shown that several of these PTPs are encoded by major autoimmunity genes. Here, we will focus on the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), a critical ne...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-010-0201-4
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human pregnancy is a metabolic and immune challenge for the mother who has to accommodate in her womb a semi-allogeneic fetus whose energy needs increase tremendously with gestation. Recent compelling research has suggested that proper inflammatory changes and oxidative balance are a requisite for successful pregnancy...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-007-0071-6
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Why and how HIV makes people sick is highly debated. Recent evidence implicates heightened immune activation due to breakdown of the gastrointestinal barrier as a determining factor of lentiviral pathogenesis. HIV-mediated loss of Th17 cells from the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) impairs mucosal integrity and ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00281-009-0158-3
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have identified novel lymphocyte subsets named innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) lacking antigen-specific receptors. ILCs are present in a wide variety of epithelial compartments and occupy an intermediate position between acquired immune cells and myeloid cells. ILCs are now classified into three groups: gr...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-014-0470-4
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As predicted by the red queen hypothesis, microbial pathogens are probably the major reason for the evolution of the immune system (Paterson et al., Nature 464:275-278, 2010). In general, at the population level, i.e., for most of us, most of the time, the immune response to infection is highly effective. However, the...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-010-0215-y
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food allergy is a harmful immune reaction driven by uncontrolled type 2 immune responses. Considerable evidence demonstrates the key roles of mast cells, IgE, and TH2 cytokines in mediating food allergy. However, this evidence provides limited insight into why only some, rather than all, food allergic individuals are ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-016-0605-x
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The observation that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) expressed reduced levels of major histocompatibility (MHC) class I genes, no MHC class II or costimulatory molecules suggested early on that pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) could be "immune-privileged" and were unable to induce immune reactions. However, soon it became ap...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-011-0265-9
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD69 is an activation marker on leukocytes. Early studies showed that the CD69+ cells were detected in the lung of patients with asthmatic and eosinophilic pneumonia, suggesting that CD69 might play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of such inflammatory diseases, rather than simply being an activation marker. Intensiv...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-019-00734-7
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite considerable advances in the research and treatment, the precise relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular (CV) disease remains incompletely understood. Therefore, understanding the immunoinflammatory processes underlying the initiation, progression, and exacerbation of many cardiovascular diseases ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-015-0536-y
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Omega-3 fatty acids serve as the substrate for the formation of a group of lipid mediators that mediate the resolution of inflammation. The cardiovascular inflammatory response in atherosclerosis and vascular injury is characterized by a failure in the resolution of inflammation, resulting in a chronic inflammatory re...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-019-00767-y
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is a common, complex, multifaceted disease. It comprises multiple phenotypes, which might benefit from treatment with different types of innovative targeted therapies. Refining these phenotypes and understanding their underlying biological structure would help to apply precision medicine approaches. Using diffe...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-019-00776-x
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airways that affects millions of people worldwide. Allergic asthma is a T helper 2 cell (Th2)-mediated disease, in which Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 are closely associated with the symptoms. IL-4 is needed by B cells to switch toward ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-016-0556-2
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In autoinflammatory disorders, dysregulation of the innate immune response leads to an excessive cytokine release. The disease course is often characterized by high morbidity and mortality, treatment is mostly difficult and therapeutic options are limited. In most cases, life-long control of ongoing inflammation is ne...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-015-0501-9
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-016-0562-4
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-015-0530-4
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibrosis is a multicellular wound healing process, where myofibroblasts that express extracellular matrix components extensively cross-talk with other cells resident in the liver or recruited from the bloodstream. Macrophages and infiltrating monocytes participate in the development of fibrosis via several mechanisms,...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-009-0169-0
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microsporidia is a group of pathogens, which can pose severe risks to the immunocompromised population such as HIV-infected individuals. The expertise to diagnose these pathogens is limited and therefore their prevalence is believed to be much higher than what is currently known. In a mouse model of infections, it has...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-015-0482-8
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-014-0443-7
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ulcerative colitis designates an idiopathic chronic inflammatory bowel disease leading to bloody diarrhea and inflammatory alterations mostly restricted to the large intestine. Many studies continue to unravel important aspects of its etiopathogenesis, and recent pharmaceutical developments broaden the arsenal of ther...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-019-00751-6
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with clinical manifestations of differing severity. The exact pathomechanisms and interactions resulting in the inflammatory and immunological processes of this heterogeneous disease remain elusive. Approaches in the understanding of the pathomechanisms r...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-015-0550-0
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic change nephrotic syndrome (INS), the most frequent glomerular disease in children and young adults, is characterized by heavy proteinuria and a relapsing remitting course. Although the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of proteinuria remain unclear, clinical and experimental observations suggest tha...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-013-0415-3
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This issue of Seminars in Immunopathology is devoted to the most recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms leading to tissue injury in autoimmune diseases. These include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes, autoimmune liver diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimm...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1007/s00281-014-0446-4
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unfortunately, an error occurred in the following passus of the article. The word "receptor" was missing in the sentence "Because T cells do not express GM-CSF receptor [41], GM-CSF affects non-T cells." ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s00281-019-00746-3
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute inflammation, a physiologic response to protect cells from microbial infection and other noxious stimuli, is automatically terminated by endogenous anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators to restore homeostatic conditions. However, if timely resolution of inflammation is failed, inflammation persists and c...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-013-0363-y
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent rise in obesity-related diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its strong association with microbiota, has elicited interest in the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies. Experimental models have highlighted several mechanisms connecting microbiota to the development of liver dysfunctio...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-013-0404-6
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helicobacter pylori infection is an important factor for gastric carcinogenesis in human. In carcinogen-treated Mongolian gerbils, H. pylori infection enhances stomach carcinogenesis, while infection alone induced severe hyperplasia called heterotopic proliferative glands. A high-salt diet or early acquisition of the ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00281-012-0357-1
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00