Abstract：
:The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase of phagocytes is a multi-component electron transferase that uses cytoplasmic NADPH to convert molecular oxygen to superoxide anion, consequently delivering reactive oxygen species to the site of invading microorganisms. Together with soluble factors and other phagocyte-derived agents, the resultant toxic species kill and degrade the ingested microbe. Flavocytochrome b (558), a heterodimeric protein composed of gp91 phox and p22 phox, is the membrane component of the NADPH oxidase and was previously thought to be uniquely expressed in phagocytes. Based on structural homology with gp91 phox, recent studies have defined a family of NADPH oxidase proteins (Nox) that is widely distributed throughout the plant and animal kingdoms and in many tissues in multicellular organisms. The goals of this review are to review features of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase that serve as a paradigm for exploiting oxidants for host defense, and to discuss contributions of other Nox proteins to innate immunity.
journal_name
Semin Immunopatholjournal_title
Seminars in immunopathologyauthors
Nauseef WMdoi
10.1007/s00281-008-0117-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-07-01 00:00:00pages
195-208issue
3eissn
1863-2297issn
1863-2300journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The observation that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) expressed reduced levels of major histocompatibility (MHC) class I genes, no MHC class II or costimulatory molecules suggested early on that pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) could be "immune-privileged" and were unable to induce immune reactions. However, soon it became ap...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-011-0265-9
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with clinical manifestations of differing severity. The exact pathomechanisms and interactions resulting in the inflammatory and immunological processes of this heterogeneous disease remain elusive. Approaches in the understanding of the pathomechanisms r...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0550-0
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules can have two completely opposing activities. They can be very potent pro-inflammatory mediators on the one hand, directing the effector functions of the innate immune system towards infected cells, tumor cells or healthy tissues in the case of autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, a ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-012-0308-x
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A relatively large number of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are known to regulate signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR). Recent human genetics studies have shown that several of these PTPs are encoded by major autoimmunity genes. Here, we will focus on the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), a critical ne...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-010-0201-4
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Helicobacter pylori infection is an important factor for gastric carcinogenesis in human. In carcinogen-treated Mongolian gerbils, H. pylori infection enhances stomach carcinogenesis, while infection alone induced severe hyperplasia called heterotopic proliferative glands. A high-salt diet or early acquisition of the ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-012-0357-1
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophages in lymphoid organs exhibit a wide variety of phenotypes and functions. These cells excel in the removal of apoptotic cells that arise during the generation of immune cells and are thereby essential for the prevention of auto-immune responses. In addition to this macrophages in the secondary lymphoid organs...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00281-013-0378-4
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD69 is an activation marker on leukocytes. Early studies showed that the CD69+ cells were detected in the lung of patients with asthmatic and eosinophilic pneumonia, suggesting that CD69 might play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of such inflammatory diseases, rather than simply being an activation marker. Intensiv...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-019-00734-7
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As predicted by the red queen hypothesis, microbial pathogens are probably the major reason for the evolution of the immune system (Paterson et al., Nature 464:275-278, 2010). In general, at the population level, i.e., for most of us, most of the time, the immune response to infection is highly effective. However, the...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-010-0215-y
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The conventional perception asserts that immunology is the science of 'discrimination' between self and non-self. This concept is however no longer tenable as effector cells of the adaptive immune system are first conditioned to be tolerant to the body's own antigens, collectively known as self until now. Only then at...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-020-00831-y
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and represents one of the main inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) forms. The infiltration of immune cells into the mucosa and uncontrolled production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators trigger the chronic inflammat...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-019-00756-1
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytokines and growth factors are key regulators of immune activation, vascular alteration and excessive production of extracellular matrix which are hallmark events in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). They modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In particular, cytokines play a central role in the...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0511-7
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malignant transformation of cells is often associated with changes in classical and non-classical HLA class I antigen, HLA class II antigen as well as NK cell activating ligand (NKCAL) expression. These changes are believed to play a role in the clinical course of the disease since these molecules are critical to the ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-011-0270-z
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are two severe autoimmune bullous diseases of the mucosae and/or skin associated with autoantibodies directed against desmoglein (Dsg) 3 and/or Dsg1. These two desmosomal cadherins, typifying stratified epithelia, are components of cell adhesion complexes called des...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0541-1
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an immune-mediated chronic cholestatic liver disease with a slowly progressive course. Without treatment, most patients eventually develop fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver and may need liver transplantation in the late stage of disease. PBC primarily affects women (female preponde...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-009-0164-5
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stronger adaptive immune responses in females can be observed in different mammals, resulting in better control of infections compared to males. However, this presumably evolutionary difference likely also drives higher incidence of autoimmune diseases observed in humans. Here, we summarize sex differences in the most...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-018-0723-8
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The profound alterations in the structure, cellular composition, and function of synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the basis for the persistent inflammation and cumulative joint destruction that are hallmarks of this disease. In RA, the synovium develops characteristics of a tertiary lymphoid organ, wit...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-017-0631-3
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:LIGHT and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) comprise a ligand-receptor pair in the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. These molecules play an important role in regulating immunity, particularly in the intestinal mucosa. LIGHT also binds the lymphotoxin beta receptor, and HVEM can act as a ligand for immunoglobulin fa...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-009-0157-4
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Why and how HIV makes people sick is highly debated. Recent evidence implicates heightened immune activation due to breakdown of the gastrointestinal barrier as a determining factor of lentiviral pathogenesis. HIV-mediated loss of Th17 cells from the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) impairs mucosal integrity and ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00281-009-0158-3
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human pregnancy is a metabolic and immune challenge for the mother who has to accommodate in her womb a semi-allogeneic fetus whose energy needs increase tremendously with gestation. Recent compelling research has suggested that proper inflammatory changes and oxidative balance are a requisite for successful pregnancy...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-007-0071-6
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Food allergy is a harmful immune reaction driven by uncontrolled type 2 immune responses. Considerable evidence demonstrates the key roles of mast cells, IgE, and TH2 cytokines in mediating food allergy. However, this evidence provides limited insight into why only some, rather than all, food allergic individuals are ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-016-0605-x
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In autoinflammatory disorders, dysregulation of the innate immune response leads to an excessive cytokine release. The disease course is often characterized by high morbidity and mortality, treatment is mostly difficult and therapeutic options are limited. In most cases, life-long control of ongoing inflammation is ne...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0501-9
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute inflammation, a physiologic response to protect cells from microbial infection and other noxious stimuli, is automatically terminated by endogenous anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators to restore homeostatic conditions. However, if timely resolution of inflammation is failed, inflammation persists and c...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-013-0363-y
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoprotein family, also referred to as human leukocyte antigens, present endogenous and exogenous antigens to T lymphocytes for recognition and response. These molecules play a central role in enabling the immune system to distinguish self from non-self, which is the basis ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-012-0309-9
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microsporidia is a group of pathogens, which can pose severe risks to the immunocompromised population such as HIV-infected individuals. The expertise to diagnose these pathogens is limited and therefore their prevalence is believed to be much higher than what is currently known. In a mouse model of infections, it has...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0482-8
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects the majority of the world's population, leading to severe diseases in millions of newborns and immunocompromised adults annually. During infection, HCMV extensively manipulates cellular gene expression to maintain conditions favorable for efficient viral propagation...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-014-0443-7
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate Richard Feynman outlined in his 1959 lecture, "There's plenty of room at the bottom", the enormous possibility of producing and visualising things at smaller scales. The advent of advanced scanning and transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution microscopy has begu...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-014-0463-3
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The contact system is a plasma protease cascade that is initiated by coagulation factor XII activation on cardiovascular cells. The system starts procoagulant and proinflammatory reactions, via the intrinsic pathway of coagulation or the kallikrein-kinin system, respectively. The biochemistry of the contact system in ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-011-0288-2
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) lie at the heart of the innate immune system, specialised at recognising danger signals in many forms including foreign material, infection or tissue damage and initiating powerful adaptive immune and inflammatory responses. In barrier sites such as the lung, the instrumental role that DCs play a...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-016-0571-3
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-9 is a cytokine classically related to type 2 immune responses whose cellular identity has been recently reevaluated to identify a new specialized T helper subset called Th9 and an innate source referred as innate lymphoid cell type 2. Over the past years, IL-9 has been associated with allergic responses, ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-016-0606-9
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immunopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on the innate and adaptive inflammatory immune responses to the chronic inhalation of cigarette smoking. In the last quarter of the century, the analysis of specimens obtained from the lower airways of COPD patients compared with those from a...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-016-0561-5
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
