Molecular and cellular mechanisms of heterotopic ossification.

Abstract:

:Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a debilitating condition in which cartilage and bone forms in soft tissues such as muscle, tendon, and ligament causing immobility. This process is induced by inflammation associated with traumatic injury. In an extremely rare genetic disorder called fibrodysplasia ossificans progessiva (FOP), a combination of inflammation associated with minor soft tissue injuries and a hereditary genetic mutation causes massive HO that progressively worsens throughout the patients' lifetime leading to the formation of an ectopic skeleton. An activating mutation in the BMP type I receptor ALK2 has been shown to contribute to the heterotopic lesions in FOP patients, yet recent studies have shown that other events are required to stimulate HO including activation of sensory neurons, mast cell degranulation, lymphocyte infiltration, skeletal myocyte cell death, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). In this review, we discuss the recent evidence and mechanistic data that describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms that give rise to heterotopic bone.

journal_name

Histol Histopathol

authors

Ramirez DM,Ramirez MR,Reginato AM,Medici D

doi

10.14670/HH-29.1281

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-10-01 00:00:00

pages

1281-5

issue

10

eissn

0213-3911

issn

1699-5848

pii

HH-11-492

journal_volume

29

pub_type

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