Abstract：
:Nitric oxide (NO) is a biological messenger molecule produced by one of the essential amino acids L-arginine by the catalytic action of the enzyme NO synthase (NOS). The dual role of NO as a protective or toxic molecule is due to several factors, such as; the isoform of NOS involved, concentration of NO and the type of cells in which it is synthesised, the availability of the substrate L-arginine, generation of guanosine 3,5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) from soluble guanylate cyclase and the overall extra and intracellular environment in which NO is produced. NOS activation as a result of trauma (calcium influx) or infection leads to NO production, which activates its downstream receptor sGC to synthesise cGMP and/or leads to protein nitrosylation. This may lead to one or more systemic effects including altered neurotransmission which can be protective or toxic, vaso/bronchodilatation in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and enhanced immune activity against invading pathogens. In addition to these major functions, NO plays important role in thermoregulation, renal function, gastrointestinal motility, endocrine function, and various functions of the urogenital system ranging from renin secretion to micturation; spermatogenesis to penile erection; and ovulation to implantation and parturition. A schematic summary of the functions of NO and the various isoforms of NOS expressed in body systems is shown in figure 1. In this review, the historical background, biochemistry and biosynthesis of NO and its enzymes together with the mechanism of NO actions in physiology and pathophysiology are discussed.
journal_name
Histol Histopatholjournal_title
Histology and histopathologyauthors
Thippeswamy T,McKay JS,Quinn JP,Morris Rdoi
10.14670/HH-21.445subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-04-01 00:00:00pages
445-58issue
4eissn
0213-3911issn
1699-5848journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The techniques for light and electron microscopic radioautography developed in our laboratory are described. The outlines of the applications to various tissues and organs are also briefly summarized. First, the techniques are explained in detail. These techniques can be divided into two categories, i.e., chemical fix...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurodegenerative and muscle diseases bear both complex and multifactorial pathologies. An efficacious and robust therapeutic option to treat these diseases is yet to be elucidated. At such a time, mesenchymal stem cells have drawn significant attention due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Accumu...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-11-951
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Voltage-activated Ca2+ channels play an important role in synaptic transmission, signal processing and development. The immunohistochemical localization of Cav1.2 (alpha1C) and Cav2.3 (alpha1E) Ca2+ channels was studied in the developing and adult mouse organ of Corti using subunit-specific antibodies and fluorescent ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-18.1115
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have shown that papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is clinically and genotypically a distinct entity. Papillary RCCs account for about 10-15% of renal parenchymal neoplasms. Macroscopically, the cut surface is yellow or brown in color and large tumors frequently show cystic change. Hemorrhage and necr...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-18.487
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent evidence has shown that vascular function depends not only on cells within the vessels, but is also significantly modulated by circulating cells derived from the bone marrow. A number of studies indicate that an early reendothelialization by circulating endothelial precursors after vascular injury prevents exce...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-22.547
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was undertaken to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of mesenchymal cell proliferation in the developing palate of quail. Quail embryos were grown in shell-less culture. The developing palates were labelled with 3H-thymidine between culture days 2-6 (which corresponded in vivo incubation days 5-9), and proces...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The corneal structure of three deep-sea species of teleosts (Gadiformes, Teleostei) from different depths (250-4000 m) and photic zones are examined at the level of the light and electron microscopes. Each species shows a similar but complex arrangement of layers with a cornea split into dermal and scleral components....
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-13.325
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressive drug, which disrupts the activation of peripheral T-lymphocyte pool and blocks the maturation of thymocytes within the thymus. Normally, thymic nonlymphoid cells provide the optimal inductive microenvironment for development of T-lymphocytes. After application of cyclosporin A the...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-13.1183
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:β-lapachone is a quinone of lapachol extracted from the bark of lapacho tree. Recent findings demonstrated that punched skin wounds of mice healed faster with β-lapachone treatment. The present study investigates the effects of β-lapachone on burn-wound skin of C57BL/6 mice injured by a 100 °C iron stick. Our results ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-26.905
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic liver diseases are commonly associated with tissue hypoxia that may cause inflammation, oxidative stress, liver cell injury and increased nuclear transcriptional regulation. The hepatic response to chronic hypoxia at the molecular level has not yet been clearly understood until now. The aim of this study is to...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemic heart disease is a widespread cause of death. During infarction, myocardial injury is mediated by release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines including multifunctional interleukin-1 (IL-1). In various tissues, IL-1-mediated deleterious effects are known to be attenuated via the over-expression of natural an...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-23.1093
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most patients with ovarian cancers relapse, and treatment failure has often been attributed to chemoresistance in tumor cells. Emerging evidence indicates that tumor heterogeneity may play an equally important role. Although the idea of tumor heterogeneity is not new, little attention has been focused on applying it t...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-30.173
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) administration on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeabilization after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) induced by partial occlusion of the umbilical cord of premature fetal lambs. We also characterized BBB dysfunction in terms of the le...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-24.1129
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell shape is mainly determined by biophysical constraints, interacting according to non-linear dynamics upon the basic units provided by the genome. In turn, the specific configuration a cell acquires plays a fundamental, permissive role in modulating gene expression and many other complex biological functions. Cell ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-28.155
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In mouse embryos, the expression of Blimp1 has recently revealed a population of allocated primordial germ cell precursors 24 hours earlier than previously thought. Those 'blimped' precursors have been shown to give rise, by mitotic division, to germ cells only and no other cell lineages. Here, we try to understand th...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-23.1553
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our study aimed to investigate the association of Pyruvate Kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) with radiation resistance in locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (LACSCC). We retrospectively reviewed 132 female patients who received primary radiation therapy to treat LACSCC at Federation Internationale of Gyneco...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-11-627
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Gelatinases include matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The abnormal expressions of gelatinases are implicated in the pathogenesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Apolipo-protein E (apoE) is an important plasma protein in cholesterol homeostasis and plays a ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-27.249
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gliomas are the most common intracranial malignant tumors in humans, and high-grade gliomas in particular pose a unique challenge due to their propensity for proliferation and tissue invasion. Our understanding of glioma oncogenesis, proliferation, and invasion has been greatly advanced in the past 10 years as researc...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-18.207
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emperipolesis has recently been described as a constant feature of "biphasic squamoid" papillary renal cell carcinoma (BPRCC). We also noticed this in some high-grade (HG) RCC, which promoted the present study to estimate the incidence of emperipolesis in RCCs and to describe them in further detail. 14 cases of HGRCC ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-11-925
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumorigenesis correlates with hypermethylation of tumor suppressors and hypomethylation of oncogenes. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) catalyze DNA methylation, and mutations and aberrant expression in DNMT genes are found in multiple human tumors. The discovery of the DNA demethylation function of TET proteins has open...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-29.991
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We review here the 14 members of the Monocarboxylate transporter family (MCTs), their relationship based on sequence homology. The range of substrates transported by different members of this family extends from the standard monocarboxylate metabolites, lactic and pyruvic acids, to aromatic amino acids and thyroid hor...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-24.243
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyroid hormones (TH) stimulate oxidative metabolism in many tissues in the body, but testis is not one of them. Therefore, in this sense, testis is not considered as a target organ for TH. However, recent findings clearly show that TH have significant functions on the testis in general, and Leydig cells in particular...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-19.985
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the relationship between the incidence of ultrastructural changes in the alveolar septum and the extravascular lung water content. Pulmonary edema was induced in 18 mongrel dogs by either dextran (n = 12) or alloxan (n = 6) administration. Six other dogs served as controls. Extravascular lung water content...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A battery of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated lectins (Con A, WGA and DBA), as well as conventional histochemical techniques (PAS, saponification, Alcian Blue pH 0.1, 1, 2.5, chlorhydric hydrolisis, neuraminidase, Bromophenol blue, Tioglycollate reduction and Ferric-ferricyanide-FeIII) were used to study the content ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-13.727
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beta-catenin expression in small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) was investigated by immunohistochemical method using antibodies against beta-catenin. 50 pre-treatment biopsies were examined and the relationship between beta-catenin expression and the patients' relevant clinical characteristics, response to chemotherapy, ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-16.353
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dramatical development of molecular genetics has been disclosing the molecular mechanism of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). DMD gene product, dystrophin, is a submembranous cytoskeletal protein and many dystrophin-associated proteins (DAPs) have been identified, such as utrophin,...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-15.753
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The morphology of the rat duodenum after chronic treatment with 15% (v/v) ethanol and 4% (v/v) pentanol was studied. Male Wistar rats of experimental groups were given ethanol and pentanol for 15 weeks with food and fluid freely available. Ethanol-15% and 4% pentanol-fed rats showed a significantly reduced fluid and f...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-17.199
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical presentation, histopathology and immunoelectron microscopic features of two cases of duodenal somatostatinoma are described, one of which is a hitherto unreported example of a collision tumour with a neurofibroma. Ultrastructural morphometric immunoelectron microscopy studies revealed the presence of four...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-21.1171
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spermatogenesis is under the control of a complex endocrine and paracrine system, including estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. In many target cells, ER promotes the transcription of c-fos and other proto-oncogenes to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Thus, in this study we evaluated the expression of the proto-...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-24.1515
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A quantitative study regarding the age-related changes occurring in the somatic organelles of the neocerebellar Purkinje cell is carried out, using female rats aged 2 to 24 months. Standard manual morphometric techniques are used to calculate the following parameters: somatic volume, volumetric fractions and absolute ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
