Abstract：
:In the context of injury to the corticospinal tract (CST), brainstem-origin circuits may provide an alternative system of descending motor influence. However, subcortical circuits are largely under subconscious control. To improve volitional control over spared fibers after CST injury, we hypothesized that a combination of physical exercises simultaneously stimulating cortical and brainstem pathways above the injury would strengthen corticobulbar connections through Hebbian-like mechanisms. We sought to test this hypothesis in mice with unilateral CST lesions. Ten days after pyramidotomy, mice were randomized to four training groups: (1) postural exercises designed to stimulate brainstem pathways (BS); (2) distal limb-grip exercises preferentially stimulating CST pathways (CST); (3) simultaneous multimodal exercises (BS+CST); or (4) no training (NT). Behavioral and anatomical outcomes were assessed after 20 training sessions over 4 weeks. Mice in the BS+CST training group showed a trend toward greater improvements in skilled limb performance than mice in the other groups. There were no consistent differences between training groups in gait kinematics. Anatomically, multimodal BS+CST training neither increased corticobulbar fiber density of the lesioned CST rostral to the lesion nor collateral sprouting of the unlesioned CST caudal to the lesion. Further studies should incorporate electrophysiological assessment to gauge changes in synaptic strength of direct and indirect pathways between the cortex and spinal cord in response to multimodal exercises.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Harel NY,Yigitkanli K,Fu Y,Cafferty WB,Strittmatter SMdoi
10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-11-13 00:00:00pages
17-25eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006-8993(13)00977-3journal_volume
1538pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:The origin of neuronal perikarya which project to the external zone of the median eminence (the tuberoinfundibular neuronal system) was determined in the rat after injection or diffusion of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) into the median eminence. The retrogradely transported lectin was detected in neurons using an immuno...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(82)90334-1
更新日期：1982-08-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Frequency modulation (FM) is an important building block of complex sounds that include speech signals. Exploring the neural mechanisms of FM coding with computer modeling could help understand how speech sounds are processed in the brain. Here, we modeled the single unit responses of auditory neurons recorded from th...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.058
更新日期：2013-11-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of hypocretin-containing neurons is markedly decreased in most patients with the sleep disorder narcolepsy. It is presently not known why the loss of hypocretin neurons occurs in these patients. In the present study, we tested the role of inflammation in the degeneration of hypocretin neurons. The proinflam...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2004.06.016
更新日期：2004-09-03 00:00:00
abstract：:By utilizing the microinjection of low nanoliter volumes of convulsant drug and recording from the injection site, we have been able to electrophysiologically identify a layer of cat striate cortex that is most sensitive to the epileptogenic effects of penicillin. This band encompasses cortical depths of approximately...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(82)91084-8
更新日期：1982-06-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Region-specific noradrenergic inputs to the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) from the caudal medulla were studied using combined Fast Blue injections and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-ir). Injections into the rostral, dorsal, ventral and lateral BST resulted in predominantly ipsilateral retrograde ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(94)01453-o
更新日期：1995-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：:In an autopsy study on 29 male Aborigines and 57 male Caucasians, macroscopic and microscopic parameters of postnatal cerebellar development were determined and described by mathematic growth functions. For the whole cerebellum and its cortical layers volume measurements revealed delayed maturation for Aborigines comp...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(89)90782-8
更新日期：1989-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Mounting evidence suggests that sleep loss negatively affects learning and memory processes through disruption of hippocampal function. In the present study, we examined whether sleep loss alters the generation, differentiation, and survival of new cells in the dentate gyrus. Rats were sleep restricted by keeping them...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2005.10.020
更新日期：2005-12-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the antidepressant potential of curcumin in olfactory bulbectomy and forced swimming test models of depression in male albino rats under chronic treatment. The experimental animals were divided into four groups, and curcumin was administered for 45 days. Our results showed that the curcu...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.010
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acquisition and retention of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of supraspinal morphine on the tail withdrawal reflex was assessed in rats implanted with unilateral cannulae in the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Development of tolerance to daily microinjections of morphine was indicated by the return of the tail ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(87)91476-4
更新日期：1987-10-27 00:00:00
abstract：:This study has assessed the neuroprotective efficacy of five AP-1 inhibitory peptides in an in vitro excitotoxicity model. The five AP-1 inhibitory peptides and controls of the JNK inhibitor peptide (JNKI-1D-TAT) and TAT cell-penetrating-peptide were administered to primary cortical neuronal cultures prior to kainic a...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.007
更新日期：2010-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) located in the mesopontine tegmentum is innervated by descending projections from nuclei in the basal ganglia. The present study was performed to determine whether nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron degeneration is associated with changes in PPN metabolic activity. Unilateral nigrostr...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01268-8
更新日期：1999-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a large body of evidence indicating important interactions between the adenosine and opioid systems in regulating pain at both the spinal and supraspinal level. Mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) gene have been successfully developed and the animals show complete loss of analgesic responses to morphine...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02536-2
更新日期：2002-07-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The exposure of cultured rat striatal neurons to L-DOPA caused marked cell death. The L-DOPA cytotoxicity was inhibited by the addition of Mg2+ to and by the removal of Ca2+ from the culture medium, and also by the application of tetrodotoxin. Moreover, prolonged application of L-DOPA increased the glutamate content i...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00908-6
更新日期：1997-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Kappa opioid receptors (KORs) were immunocytochemically localized at four different levels of the spinal cord of normally-cycling female rats in estrus or diestrus. KOR labeling was primarily observed in fine processes and a few neuronal cell bodies in the superficial dorsal horn and the dorsolateral funiculus. Quanti...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02515-x
更新日期：2001-06-29 00:00:00
abstract：:A classification of the parietal corticofugal neurons was performed in cats under Nembutal anesthesia. Eighty-eight neurons were identified with antidromic activation by the pontine stimulation. Thirteen neurons were furthermore identified with intracellular HRP staining. In these neurons, we found the close correlati...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(85)90895-9
更新日期：1985-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this work was to characterize the gap junctions between cultured glomus cells of the rat carotid body and to assess the effects of acidity and accompanying changes in [Ca(2+)](i) on electric coupling. Dual voltage clamping of coupled glomus cells showed a mean macrojunctional conductance (G(j)) of 1.16 ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02862-1
更新日期：2001-10-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Kernicterus is a bilirubin-induced encephalopathy in newborn. Its spectrum ranges from subtle extrapyramidal to acute encephalopathy and chronic posticteric sequelae. Current treatment of this serious problem is far from optimal. Taurine has been documented to have protective effects on neuronal cells against ischemia...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.036
更新日期：2010-03-12 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effects of nicotinic drugs on the metabolites of [3H]dopamine (DA) released from rat striatal synaptosomes in comparison with the effects of high K+ and methamphetamine stimulation. The pattern of outflow of [3H]DA and its metabolites induced by nicotine stimulants, acetylcholine (ACh), nicotine and lo...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(83)90204-4
更新日期：1983-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:In a whole mount preparation of the hooded rat retina, stained with methylene blue, the ganglion cell density was counted over the retina. The density ranged from 6200-6500/sq.mm to 1000-1500/sq.mm. The area with a density higher than 6000/sq.mm was called the central area and was centered at about 1 mm (20 degrees) a...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(77)90314-6
更新日期：1977-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:In male hamsters mating behavior is dependent on chemosensory input from the main olfactory and vomeronasal systems, whose central pathways contain cell bodies and fibers of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. In sexually naive males, vomeronasal organ removal (VNX), but not main olfactory lesions, impairs ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.078
更新日期：2010-03-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Conflicting results concerning the issue of whether or not chronic morphine exposure induces an increase in CCK biosynthesis have been found in many CNS sites, including the spinal cord, where CCK activity may contribute to the facilitation of the development of opiate tolerance. The present study was undertaken in or...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01068-9
更新日期：1999-03-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Many phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK)-immunoreactive (IR) cells are expressed in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), upper cervical spinal cord (C1-C2), nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and paratrigeminal nucleus (Pa5) after capsaicin injection into the whisker pad (WP), masseter ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.032
更新日期：2011-10-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripheral nerve fascicles are deliberately impaled during microneurography experiments. We have assessed conduction block under these circumstances. First we recorded compound action potentials (CAP) in the sural nerve following stimulation of the sciatic nerve. The insertion of injection and microneurography electro...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(93)91538-4
更新日期：1993-12-24 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the role of strain and vendor differences on the outcome of focal cerebral ischemia in the rat induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery by an intraluminal thread. The cortical infarct volumes (Mean +/- S.E.M.) were: 14.2 +/- 6.2 mm3 in Simonsen Laboratories Sprague-Dawley rats; 84.0 +...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)00033-m
更新日期：1995-03-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Short-term potentiation of extracellular field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP's) was investigated in the stratum radiatum of CA1 of the rat hippocampal slice in vitro. A presynaptic tetanus consisting of a single train of stimuli at 250 Hz evoked short-term potentiation (STP), but not long-term potentiation ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(88)90304-6
更新日期：1988-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Mice lacking the GABA(A) receptor beta(3) subunit exhibit a profound disruption in thalamic circuitry. We have studied sleep in these mice under baseline conditions and following treatment with the benzodiazepine midazolam. Under baseline conditions, NREM sleep time did not differ between beta(3) subunit knockout mice...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03467-4
更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the effects of electrical stimulation with theta burst stimulation (eTBS) on seizure suppression. Optimal parameters of eTBS were determined through open-loop stimulation experiments and then implemented in a close-loop seizure control system. For the experiments, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) was inj...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.025
更新日期：2014-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurobiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has become increasingly understood since the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Initial observations of an above-average head circumference were supported by structural MRI studies that found evidence of increased total brain volume and early rapid brain ov...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.076
更新日期：2011-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of Morris water maze training on brain metabolism and behavior were compared between aged (20-22 months) and young (2-4 months) Fischer 344 male rats. Each group had yoked controls, which swam the same amount of time as the trained rats but without the platform. This was followed after 9 days by quantitati...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02545-3
更新日期：2002-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：:N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC), a major circulating metabolite of the atypical antipsychotic drug, clozapine, and has M(1) muscarinic receptor partial agonistic property. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether in vivo behavioral effects of NDMC were elicited through the activation of muscarinic receptors...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.056
更新日期：2011-10-18 00:00:00
