Abstract：
:The neurobiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has become increasingly understood since the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Initial observations of an above-average head circumference were supported by structural MRI studies that found evidence of increased total brain volume and early rapid brain overgrowth in affected individuals. Subsequent research revealed consistent abnormalities in cortical gray and white matter volume in ASDs. The structural integrity and orientation of white matter have been further elucidated via diffusion tensor imaging methods. The emergence of functional MRI techniques led to an enhanced understanding of the neural circuitry of ASDs, demonstrating areas of dysfunctional cortical activation and atypical cortical specialization. These studies have provided evidence of underconnectivity in distributed cortical networks integral to the core impairments associated with ASDs. Abnormalities in the default-mode network during the resting state have also been identified. Overall, structural and functional MRI research has generated important insights into the neurobiology of ASDs. Additional research is needed to further delineate the underlying brain basis of this constellation of disorders.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Stigler KA,McDonald BC,Anand A,Saykin AJ,McDougle CJdoi
10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.076subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-03-22 00:00:00pages
146-61eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006-8993(10)02589-8journal_volume
1380pub_type
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