Abstract：
:Epigenetic regulation of higher-order chromatin structure controls gene expression and the assembly of chromosomal domains during cell division, differentiation, and development. The proposed "histone code" integrates a complex system of histone modifications and chromosomal proteins that establish and maintain distinctive types of chromatin, such as euchromatin, heterochromatin, and centromeric (CEN) chromatin. The reversible nature of histone acetylation, phosphorylation, and (most recently discovered) methylation are mechanisms for controlling gene expression and partitioning the genome into functional domains. Many different regions of the genome contain similar epigenetic marks (histone modifications), raising the question as to how they are independently specified and regulated. In this review, we will focus on several recent discoveries in chromatin and chromosome biology: (1) identification of long-elusive histone "de-methylating" enzymes that affect chromatin structure, and (2) assembly and maintenance of chromatin domains, specifically heterochromatin and euchromatin, through a dynamic equilibrium of modifying enzymes, histone modifications, and histone variants identified biochemically and genetically.
journal_name
Chromosomajournal_title
Chromosomaauthors
Lam AL,Pazin DE,Sullivan BAdoi
10.1007/s00412-005-0001-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-09-01 00:00:00pages
242-51issue
4eissn
0009-5915issn
1432-0886journal_volume
114pub_type
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