Biopersistence of graphite whiskers deposited in rat lungs by 4-week inhalation.

abstract：:The World Health Organization identified urban outdoor air pollution as the eighth highest mortality risk factor in high-income countries. Exposure to ambient pollutants such as ozone (O3) increases the number of hospital admissions. O3 is a highly reactive gas that reacts with cells lining the airways, producing the ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： González-Guevara E,Martínez-Lazcano JC,Custodio V,Hernández-Cerón M,Rubio C,Paz C

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bronchial epithelial cells exposed to allergens typically secrete chemokines to recruit eosinophils. Persistent inflammation and repair responses result in airway remodeling and irreversible airflow limitation. House dust mite (HDM) is a common allergen causing allergic disorders. Thioredoxin (TRX) is a redox protein ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Chuang CY,Chang CH,Huang YL

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiology studies of populations living in areas with good air quality report correlations between levels of ambient particulate matter (PM) and mortality rates. These associations occur at low PM concentrations that are below current air quality standards. Can such concentrations cause mortality, given the toxicit...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Valberg PA

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Airstream clearance (with units of volume/time) is the volumetric flow from which chemical would have to be completely removed to account for the net loss in the nose. Extraction is the proportion of airflow from which the chemical is completely removed. Over the past several years we have developed physiologically ba...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Andersen ME,Sarangapani R

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diesel engine exhaust (DEE), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, has been associated with adverse health effects. Revelation of cellular and molecular changes is critical for understanding environmental exposure-related diseases. Although the molecular-level effects of DEE exposure have been investigated, whether it...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Zhang X,Xiao X,Duan H,Gao F,Li Y,Niu Y,Gao W,Wang H,Yu S,Zheng Y

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in unleaded gasoline has given rise to numerous debates on the potential public health risk associated with manganese emissions. In fact, combustion products are mainly Mn phosphate, Mn sulfate, and Mn phosphate/sulfate mixture. Our research group did sever...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Beaupré LA,Salehi F,Zayed J,Plamondon P,L'Espérance G

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most current deterministic computer dosimetry models use idealized dichotomous symmetrical infant, child, and adolescent tracheobronchial geometries for dosimetry predictions. These tracheobronchial geometries were derived from either the morphometric measurements of J. D. Mortensen and colleagues or those of R. F. Ph...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Oldham MJ,Robinson RJ

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:There have been no animal studies of the health effects of repeated inhalation of mixtures representing downwind pollution from coal combustion. Environmental exposures typically follow atmospheric processing and mixing with pollutants from other sources. OBJECTIVE:This was the fourth study by the National Env...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Mauderly JL,Barrett EG,Gigliotti AP,McDonald JD,Reed MD,Seagrave J,Mitchell LA,Seilkop SK

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Gastroesophageal reflux of bile acids plays an important role in the development of Barrett's esophagus (BE)-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Cigarette smoke has been demonstrated to exacerbate the effects of reflux and thus the initial stages of EAC carcinogenesis. To date, no in vivo studies hav...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Aiyer HS,Li Y,Harper N,Myers SR,Martin RC

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Worldwide popularity of waterpipe tobacco smoking has increased, including in pregnant women. This study investigates the effect of prenatal waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) exposure on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma of adult offspring mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Pregnant BALB/c mice were expos...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Al-Sawalha NA,Al-Bo'ul HF,Alzoubi KH,Khabour OF,Thanawala VJ

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increases in particulate matter less than 2.5 µm (PM(2.5)) in ambient air is linked to acute cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Specific components and potential emission sources of PM(2.5) responsible for adverse health effects of cardiovascular function are unclear. METHODS:Spontaneously hypertensive...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Kamal AS,Rohr AC,Mukherjee B,Morishita M,Keeler GJ,Harkema JR,Wagner JG

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of low-level ozone exposure (0.08 ppm) on pulmonary function in healthy young adults are well known; however, much less is known about the inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of low-level ozone in the airways. Techniques such as induced sputum and flow cytometry make it possible to examine airways in...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Alexis NE,Lay JC,Hazucha M,Harris B,Hernandez ML,Bromberg PA,Kehrl H,Diaz-Sanchez D,Kim C,Devlin RB,Peden DB

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Background: The correlation of physico-chemical properties with mechanisms of toxicity has been proposed as an approach to predict the toxic potential of the vast number of emerging nanomaterials. Although relationships have been established between properties and the acute pulmonary inflammation induced by nanomateri...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Roach KA,Anderson SE,Stefaniak AB,Shane HL,Kodali V,Kashon M,Roberts JR

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Information on nasal particle deposition is used in risk assessments for exposure to airborne particulate pollutants and for optimizing the delivery of therapeutic aerosols. Monkeys are commonly used to assess the therapeutic potential of inhaled substances and to a lesser extent the toxicity of inhaled xenobiotics. Y...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Kelly JT,Asgharian B,Wong BA

更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm to an inhalation exposure system using a building automation system is described. Previous studies had utilized a control system in which concentration was monitored continuously and adjustments to the generator were made on a continuous bas...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Wong BA

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Heart rate alterations associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants have been observed in epidemiological studies and animal experiments. Nevertheless, the time-lag of these associations is still unclear. OBJECTIVE:Determine the association at different time-lags between the compl...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Ramos-Bonilla JP,Breysse PN,Dominici F,Geyh A,Tankersley CG

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by phosgene increases risk of serious edema and mortality. Increased permeability of the microvascular endothelium is implicated in the progression of ALI, but the processing interaction and time course activity of the vascular regulators in exudation are still not understood. The main ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Zhang XD,Hai CX,Cai FL,Liang X,Liu R,Chen HL,Qin XJ,Feng AJ

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors have previously demonstrated that wildfire-derived coarse or fine particulate matter (PM) intratracheally instilled into lungs of mice induce a strong inflammatory response. In the current study, the authors demonstrate that wildfire PM simultaneously cause major increases in oxidative stress in the mouse ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Wegesser TC,Franzi LM,Mitloehner FM,Eiguren-Fernandez A,Last JA

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Manganese (Mn) is ubiquitous in ambient air due to both industrial and crustal sources. It is also a component of the octane-enhancing fuel additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). The combustion of MMT by the automobile engine results in the formation of Mn particulates including phosphate, sulfat...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Vitarella D,Moss O,Dorman DC

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wollastonite is a naturally occurring calcium silicate (CaSiO(3)) that is produced in both powder and fibrous forms. It is a valuable industrial mineral used in plastics, ceramics, metallurgical applications, paint, and friction products. For some applications wollastonite serves as an asbestos replacement. To varying...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Maxim LD,McConnell EE

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Dimethyl sulfide (DMS, CAS 75-18-3) is an industrial chemical. It is both an irritant and neurotoxicant that may be life-threatening because of accidental release. The effects of DMS on public health and associated public health response depend on the exposure concentration and duration. However, currently, p...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Demchuk E,Ball SL,Le SL,Prussia AJ

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, it was studied whether airway irritation by sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) would enhance respiratory allergic reactions to trimellitic anhydride (TMA), using a rat model. Brown Norway (BN) rats ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Arts JH,Jacobs EJ,Kuper CF

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and heat-shock protein-70 (Hsp70) in plasma are known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study we have investigated the effects of environmental air pollution particles (PM10) and ultrafine carbon black (ufCB) on the expression of CRP...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Ramage L,Guy K

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies have reported increased morbidity in human populations following inhalation of elevated levels of urban particulate matter. These responses are especially prevalent in populations with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, including chronic bronchitis. Toxicological studies have reported alte...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Clarke RW,Catalano PJ,Koutrakis P,Murthy GG,Sioutas C,Paulauskis J,Coull B,Ferguson S,Godleski JJ

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1997 The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified some exposures to crystalline silica as carcinogenic to humans. Such exposures were acknowledged to be very variable, and even in the same monograph it was admitted that coal dust, containing as much as 20% quartz, could not be classified. Clearly ther...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Attik G,Brown R,Jackson P,Creutzenberg O,Aboukhamis I,Rihn BH

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A method for inhalative exposure of minipigs to aerosols and gases has been developed. Minipigs are exposed via mask inhalation to the test substance using a computer-controlled exposure system that permits simultaneous exposure of groups of four animals in parallel to different controlled dose levels. We studied inha...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Koch W,Windt H,Walles M,Borlak J,Clausing P

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxygen radical generation due to surface radicals, inflammation, and iron release has been suggested as the mechanism of adverse effects of quartz, such as emphysema, fibrosis, and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, we measured iron release, acellular generation of hydroxyl radicals, and oxidative DNA damage and cytotox...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： van Maanen JM,Borm PJ,Knaapen A,van Herwijnen M,Schilderman PA,Smith KR,Aust AE,Tomatis M,Fubini B

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of the interest attendant to establishing an 8-h ozone (O(3)) federal air quality standard, acute pulmonary function responses to prolonged (6.6 to 8 h) O(3) exposure between 0.08 and 0. 24 ppm have been examined in chamber studies. Given time constraints for O(3) concentration changes in room-sized chambers a...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Adams WC

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We used inert melamin particles that are very well defined in size (diameters: 0.5, 1.9, 6.8 microm) to study the effects of ambient particles of <10 microm (PM(10)) on phagocytosis. Dose-response functions were found between the amount of added melamin particle mass and the toxicity. Fine particles (0.5 microm) were ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Monn C,Fendt R,Koller T

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The significance of lung function as an independent risk factor for lung cancer remains unclear. The objective of the study is to answer the question if spirometry can identify patients at risk for lung cancer among people occupationally exposed to asbestos dust in the past. METHODS:In order to identify a gr...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Świątkowska B,Szeszenia-Dąbrowska N

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00