Abstract：
CONTEXT:There have been no animal studies of the health effects of repeated inhalation of mixtures representing downwind pollution from coal combustion. Environmental exposures typically follow atmospheric processing and mixing with pollutants from other sources. OBJECTIVE:This was the fourth study by the National Environmental Respiratory Center to create a database for responses of animal models to combustion-derived pollutant mixtures, to identify causal pollutants-regardless of source. METHODS:F344 and SHR rats and A/J, C57BL/6, and BALB/c mice were exposed 6 h/day 7 days/week for 1 week to 6 months to three concentrations of a mixture simulating key components of "downwind" coal combustion emissions, to the highest concentration filtered to remove particulate matter (PM), or to clean air. Emissions from low-sulfur subbituminous coal were modified to create a mixture recommended by an expert workshop. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and PM were the dominant components. Nonanimal-derived PM mass concentrations of nominally 0, 100, 300, and 1000 µg/m(3) were mostly partially neutralized sulfate. RESULTS:Only 17 of 270 species-gender-time-outcome comparisons were significantly affected by exposure; some models showed no effects. There was strong evidence that PM participated meaningfully in only three responses. CONCLUSION:On a total mass or PM mass basis, this mixture was less toxic overall than diesel and gasoline exhausts or wood smoke. The largely sulfate PM contributed to few effects and was the sole cause of none. The study did not allow identification of causal pollutants, but the potential role of NOx in some effects is suggested by the literature.
journal_name
Inhal Toxicoljournal_title
Inhalation toxicologyauthors
Mauderly JL,Barrett EG,Gigliotti AP,McDonald JD,Reed MD,Seagrave J,Mitchell LA,Seilkop SKdoi
10.3109/08958378.2011.572932subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-01 00:00:00pages
349-62issue
6eissn
0895-8378issn
1091-7691journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:With regard to genotoxicity testing and cancer risk assessment, particles and fibers form a rather specific group among all toxicants. First, the physicochemical behavior of fibrous and nonfibrous particles is usually very different from that of nonparticulate, chemical carcinogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are b...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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abstract：:Computational fluid dynamic modeling software has enabled microdosimetry patterns of inhaled toxins and toxicants to be predicted and visualized, and is being used in inhalation toxicology and risk assessment. These predicted microdosimetry patterns in airway structures are derived from predicted airflow patterns with...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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abstract：:The effect of particles from road traffic and wood smoke on the innate immune response in the lung was studied in a lung challenge model with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Female Balb/cA mice were instilled intratracheally with wood smoke particles, particles from road traffic collected during wi...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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abstract：:The immune and hematological systems can be a target for environmental contaminants with potential adverse effects, so the purpose of this study is to provide documentation on immunotoxicity and hematotoxicity of tetrachloroethylene, which is widely used in dry cleaning in Egypt. This study was carried out on 80 adult...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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abstract：:AKR/J mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via inhalation for 3 wk and pulmonary responses were evaluated. The objective was to explore the feasibility of coexposing LPS with cigarette smoke under a subacute exposure, as a surrogate for viral or bacterial insults, that would mimic ...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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abstract：PURPOSE:This research describes a novel "minitower" dry powder delivery system for nose-only delivery of dry powder aerosols to spontaneously breathing rats. METHODS:The minitower system forces pressurized air through pre-filled capsules to deliver aerosolized drug to four nose ports; three of which house spontaneousl...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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abstract：:It is important to conduct a risk assessment that includes hazard assessment and exposure assessment for the safe production and handling of newly developed nanomaterials. We conducted an inhalation study of a multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as a hazard assessment. Male Wistar rats were exposed to well-dispersed MW...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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abstract：:Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been reported to cause lung pathologies in multiple studies. However, the mechanism responsible for the bioactivity has not been determined. This study used nine different well-characterized MWCNT and examined the outcomes in vitro and in vivo. MWCNT, from a variety of source...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxygen radical generation due to surface radicals, inflammation, and iron release has been suggested as the mechanism of adverse effects of quartz, such as emphysema, fibrosis, and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, we measured iron release, acellular generation of hydroxyl radicals, and oxidative DNA damage and cytotox...
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journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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doi：10.3109/08958378.2014.885099
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abstract：:The understanding of historical ambient asbestos concentrations is critical to exposure mapping and retrospective health impact studies involving asbestos related diseases. Two presentations at the University of Montana Center for Environmental Health Sciences Asbestos Conference (July 28, 2005) introduced novel metho...
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journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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abstract：:In February 2006, an IARC Monographs Working Group reevaluated the carcinogenic hazards to humans of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc, which belong to the group of poorly soluble, low-toxicity particles. The review of the relevant literature and the evaluations by the Working Group will be published in Volume ...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
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