Comparison of particle tracking algorithms in commercial CFD packages: sedimentation and diffusion.

abstract：:Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a common but important air pollutant. Micronuclei (MN) in the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) of mouse bone marrow and the ratio between organ and body weight of treatment mouse were determined and analyzed in vivo in order to study injury of sulfur dioxide inhalation on organs and germ plasm ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Ruan A,Min H,Meng Z,Lü Z

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant, present in low concentrations in the urban air and in higher concentrations in the working environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of inhaled SO2 on the O-dealkylase of pentoxyresorufin (PROD) and p-nitrophenol hydroxylases (p-NP) activities and mRNA ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Qin G,Meng Z

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning may cause cardiotoxicity. The natriuretic peptides, including atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-BNP, and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide), are endogenous cardiac hormones that may be secreted upon myocardial stress. The aim of this s...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Davutoglu V,Gunay N,Kocoglu H,Gunay NE,Yildirim C,Cavdar M,Tarakcioglu M

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Worldwide popularity of waterpipe tobacco smoking has increased, including in pregnant women. This study investigates the effect of prenatal waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) exposure on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma of adult offspring mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Pregnant BALB/c mice were expos...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Al-Sawalha NA,Al-Bo'ul HF,Alzoubi KH,Khabour OF,Thanawala VJ

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular bases for variability in air pollutant-induced pulmonary injury due to underlying cardiovascular (CVD) and/or metabolic diseases are unknown. We hypothesized that healthy and genetic CVD-prone rat models will exhibit exacerbated response to acute ozone exposure dependent on the type and severity of disea...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Kodavanti UP,Ledbetter AD,Thomas RF,Richards JE,Ward WO,Schladweiler MC,Costa DL

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Background: Allergies and smoking are common reasons for nasal mucosa inflammations, which in turn, cause nasal obstructions. Nevertheless, the impact of coexisting allergies and smoking on nasal mucosa inflammation has not been studied.Objectives: To study the impact of smoking with relation to allergies on nasal muc...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Warman M,Tiomkin E,Huszar M,Halperin D,Asher I,Cohen O

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Species differences in the handling of particles are topics of interest for setting ambient particulate matter standards as well as for studies involving the phenomenon of lung overload and the implications, if any, of such studies for workplace dust exposure standards. The dosimetry of inhaled particles differs among...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Miller FJ

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A method for inhalative exposure of minipigs to aerosols and gases has been developed. Minipigs are exposed via mask inhalation to the test substance using a computer-controlled exposure system that permits simultaneous exposure of groups of four animals in parallel to different controlled dose levels. We studied inha...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Koch W,Windt H,Walles M,Borlak J,Clausing P

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic bronchitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Chronic irritation of the conducting airways by inhaled substances, most importantly cigarette smoke, air pollution, and occupational exposures, is thought to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis. Microbial infections have been ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Nikula KJ,Green FH

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been reported to cause lung pathologies in multiple studies. However, the mechanism responsible for the bioactivity has not been determined. This study used nine different well-characterized MWCNT and examined the outcomes in vitro and in vivo. MWCNT, from a variety of source...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Hamilton RF Jr,Buford M,Xiang C,Wu N,Holian A

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study aimed to determine the association between home and vehicle exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and chronic bronchitis based on data from 64,961 non-smokers aged 12 years and older who participated in the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The proportion of respondents who reported ETS...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Evans J,Chen Y

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Airstream clearance (with units of volume/time) is the volumetric flow from which chemical would have to be completely removed to account for the net loss in the nose. Extraction is the proportion of airflow from which the chemical is completely removed. Over the past several years we have developed physiologically ba...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Andersen ME,Sarangapani R

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased lung cancer incidence with workers at the production site of crude silicon carbide (SiC) using the Acheson process has been reported. Several agents derived from the process were discussed as causative factors. Recently concern had been expressed about the presence of cleavage fragments (CFs) in commercial p...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Bruch J,Rehn B,Duval-Arnould G,Efskind J,Röderer G,Sébastian P

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of low-level ozone exposure (0.08 ppm) on pulmonary function in healthy young adults are well known; however, much less is known about the inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of low-level ozone in the airways. Techniques such as induced sputum and flow cytometry make it possible to examine airways in...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Alexis NE,Lay JC,Hazucha M,Harris B,Hernandez ML,Bromberg PA,Kehrl H,Diaz-Sanchez D,Kim C,Devlin RB,Peden DB

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and heat-shock protein-70 (Hsp70) in plasma are known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study we have investigated the effects of environmental air pollution particles (PM10) and ultrafine carbon black (ufCB) on the expression of CRP...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Ramage L,Guy K

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wollastonite is a naturally occurring calcium silicate (CaSiO(3)) that is produced in both powder and fibrous forms. It is a valuable industrial mineral used in plastics, ceramics, metallurgical applications, paint, and friction products. For some applications wollastonite serves as an asbestos replacement. To varying...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Maxim LD,McConnell EE

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies of particulate matter (PM) using central area monitors have associated total PM mass, as well as certain individual components of PM, including sulfate, with adverse human health effects. However, some recent studies that used concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) or analyzed the effects of air...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Grahame T,Schlesinger R

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxygen radical generation due to surface radicals, inflammation, and iron release has been suggested as the mechanism of adverse effects of quartz, such as emphysema, fibrosis, and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, we measured iron release, acellular generation of hydroxyl radicals, and oxidative DNA damage and cytotox...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： van Maanen JM,Borm PJ,Knaapen A,van Herwijnen M,Schilderman PA,Smith KR,Aust AE,Tomatis M,Fubini B

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Previous studies have shown that air pollution exposure primes the body to heightened responses to everyday stressors of the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of postprandial responses to a high carbohydrate oral load, a cardiometabolic stressor long used to predict c...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Martin BL,Thompson LC,Kim YH,Snow SJ,Schladweiler MC,Phillips P,Harmon M,King C,Richards J,George I,W Kyle Martin,Haykal-Coates N,Gilmour MI,Kodavanti UP,Hazari MS,Farraj AK

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Air pollution exposure affects autonomic function, heart rate, blood pressure and left ventricular function. While the mechanism for these effects is uncertain, several studies have reported that air pollution exposure modifies activity of the carotid body, the major organ that senses changes in arterial oxygen...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Perez CM,Hazari MS,Ledbetter AD,Haykal-Coates N,Carll AP,Cascio WE,Winsett DW,Costa DL,Farraj AK

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1999 Berry published a model for mesothelioma incidence following fiber exposure. He concluded, that the influence of the solubility of fibers on the mesothelioma rate is 17 times higher in humans than in rats. This conclusion may be helpful for evaluating the carcinogenic risk from man-made vitreous fibers, but it...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Rödelsperger K

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies have reported increased morbidity in human populations following inhalation of elevated levels of urban particulate matter. These responses are especially prevalent in populations with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, including chronic bronchitis. Toxicological studies have reported alte...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Clarke RW,Catalano PJ,Koutrakis P,Murthy GG,Sioutas C,Paulauskis J,Coull B,Ferguson S,Godleski JJ

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Gastroesophageal reflux of bile acids plays an important role in the development of Barrett's esophagus (BE)-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Cigarette smoke has been demonstrated to exacerbate the effects of reflux and thus the initial stages of EAC carcinogenesis. To date, no in vivo studies hav...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Aiyer HS,Li Y,Harper N,Myers SR,Martin RC

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory disturbances play a central role in chemical warfare nerve agent (CWNA) induced toxicity; they are the starting point of mass casualty and the major cause of death. We developed a microinstillation technique of inhalation exposure to nerve agent VX and assessed lung injury by biochemical analysis of the br...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Graham JR,Wright BS,Rezk PE,Gordon RK,Sciuto AM,Nambiar MP

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1997 The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified some exposures to crystalline silica as carcinogenic to humans. Such exposures were acknowledged to be very variable, and even in the same monograph it was admitted that coal dust, containing as much as 20% quartz, could not be classified. Clearly ther...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Attik G,Brown R,Jackson P,Creutzenberg O,Aboukhamis I,Rihn BH

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A cross-sectional study on suberosis was conducted in the Champagne-Ardenne County, France, to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, the level of pulmonary function, and the presence of precipitins against Penicillium frequentans. Thirteen of the 33 workers exposed to cork dust had respiratory symptoms exc...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Deschamps F,Foudrinier F,Dherbecourt V,Mas P,Prevost E,Legrele AM,Bellier S,Toubas D

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In February 2006, an IARC Monographs Working Group reevaluated the carcinogenic hazards to humans of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc, which belong to the group of poorly soluble, low-toxicity particles. The review of the relevant literature and the evaluations by the Working Group will be published in Volume ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Baan RA

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) bind and facilitate degradation of RNA and inhibit protein expression in pathways not easily targeted with small molecules or antibodies. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 potentiate signaling through the shared IL-4 receptor-α (IL-4Rα) subunit of their receptors. ASO targeting of IL-4Rα m...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Fey RA,Templin MV,McDonald JD,Yu RZ,Hutt JA,Gigliotti AP,Henry SP,Reed MD

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Air pollution causes respiratory symptoms and pulmonary disease. Airway inflammation may be involved in the mechanism also for cardiovascular disease. Wood smoke is a significant contributor to air pollution, with complex and varying composition. We examined airway effects of two kinds of wood smoke in a c...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Stockfelt L,Sallsten G,Olin AC,Almerud P,Samuelsson L,Johannesson S,Molnar P,Strandberg B,Almstrand AC,Bergemalm-Rynell K,Barregard L

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With growing evidence of the association between daily mortality and air pollution in adults, it is important to investigate whether infants are also susceptible to the adverse health effects of ambient air pollutants. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between air pollution and postneonatal mort...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Tsai SS,Chen CC,Hsieh HJ,Chang CC,Yang CY

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00