Abstract:
:Epidemiological studies have reported increased morbidity in human populations following inhalation of elevated levels of urban particulate matter. These responses are especially prevalent in populations with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, including chronic bronchitis. Toxicological studies have reported altered pulmonary function and increased pulmonary inflammation following particulate inhalation in the laboratory setting. However, most of these studies have utilized artificial particles that may not accurately mimic outdoor air pollutant conditions. Few studies have utilized actual urban air particle samples in inhalation studies. In the present study, the effects of inhaled concentrated urban air particulates on pulmonary function and pulmonary inflammation are addressed. Normal rats and rats with chronic bronchitis induced by approximately 200 ppm SO(2) for 6 wk were subsequently subjected to filtered air or concentrated air particles (CAPs). Twelve rats per group in 4 groups (48 rats total) were exposed for 5 h/day for 3 consecutive days. The CAPs aerosol levels were 206, 733, and 607 microg/m(3) (MMAD = 0.18 microm, sigma(g) = 2.9) on days 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Following the final day of exposure, pulmonary function parameters, including peak expiratory flow (PEF), tidal volume (TV), respiratory frequency (RF), and minute volume (MV), were measured and compared to preexposure baseline levels. Twenty-four hours following the final day of exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed for total cell counts, differential cell counts, and total lavage protein levels. Pulmonary responses to CAPs in chronic bronchitic animals indicated a significant increase in tidal volume as well as peak expiratory flow. In CAPs-exposed animals without underlying bronchitis, significantly increased tidal volume was observed. Significant pulmonary inflammation was observed in the CAPs-exposed animals, particularly those with chronic bronchitis. Significant increases in neutrophils, lymphocytes, and total lavage protein were observed. These results suggest two distinct mechanistic responses to inhaled particles: a stress-type pulmonary function response marked by increases in flow and volume, that is, deeper breathing; and acute pulmonary inflammation marked by cellular influx, particularly neutrophils. From these data it is concluded that inhaled urban air particles alter pulmonary breathing parameters and increase pulmonary inflammation.
journal_name
Inhal Toxicoljournal_title
Inhalation toxicologyauthors
Clarke RW,Catalano PJ,Koutrakis P,Murthy GG,Sioutas C,Paulauskis J,Coull B,Ferguson S,Godleski JJdoi
10.1080/089583799196781subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-08-01 00:00:00pages
637-56issue
8eissn
0895-8378issn
1091-7691journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Recent studies have shown that air pollution is a risk factor for hospitalization for pneumonia. However, there is limited evidence to suggest what subpopulations are at greater risk from air pollution. This study was undertaken to examine the modifying effect of specific secondary diagnosis (including hypertension, d...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958370902744855
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study is focused on the characterization of particles emitted in the metal active gas welding of carbon steel using mixture of Ar + CO2, and intends to analyze which are the main process parameters that influence the emission itself. It was found that the amount of emitted particles (measured by particle number a...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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doi:10.3109/08958378.2014.897400
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abstract::The application of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm to an inhalation exposure system using a building automation system is described. Previous studies had utilized a control system in which concentration was monitored continuously and adjustments to the generator were made on a continuous bas...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370390217819
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abstract::This special issue describes the scientific progress and scientific review process to develop a safer cigarette. A peer-review panel, the ECLIPSE Expert Panel, was convened to critically review the potential health hazards of this new cigarette to a reference, conventional cigarette that bums tobacco. This new cigaret...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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doi:10.1080/08958378.2000.11720735
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of the interest attendant to establishing an 8-h ozone (O(3)) federal air quality standard, acute pulmonary function responses to prolonged (6.6 to 8 h) O(3) exposure between 0.08 and 0. 24 ppm have been examined in chamber studies. Given time constraints for O(3) concentration changes in room-sized chambers a...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::This study investigated the surface chemistry of urban fine particles (PM(2.5)), and quantified the adsorbed and desorbed species after exposure to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Urban background and roadside PM(2.5) samples of different mass concentration and total weight were collected in triplicate in the Sou...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370490443204
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2012.697926
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: Cigarette tobacco smoking has been shown to cause cancer through different mechanisms that include epigenetic modulation of tumor-suppressor genes. In the present study, the association between global and MLH1 gene promoter methylation and waterpipe tobacco smoking was investigated. Materials and Methods: B...
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doi:10.1080/08958378.2020.1754972
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiologic studies have linked inhalation of air pollutants such as ozone to cardiovascular mortality. Human exposure studies have shown that inhalation of ambient levels of ozone causes airway and systemic inflammation and an imbalance in sympathetic/parasympathetic tone. METHODS:To explore molecular me...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
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更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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doi:10.3109/08958378.2010.545841
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::NASA is planning to build a habitat on the Moon and use the Moon as a stepping stone to Mars. JSC-1, an Arizona volcanic ash that has mineral properties similar to those of lunar soil, is used to produce lunar environments for instrument and equipment testing. NASA is concerned about potential health risks to workers ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article addresses results of two 13-wk inhalation toxicity studies in Wistar rats with aerosolized 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) homopolymers using either the isocyanurate (HDI-IC) type or biuret (HDI-BT) type. Groups of 10 rats/sex/level were exposed nose-only to breathing zone concentrations of 0.5, 3.3,...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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abstract::Epidemiological studies of particulate matter (PM) using central area monitors have associated total PM mass, as well as certain individual components of PM, including sulfate, with adverse human health effects. However, some recent studies that used concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) or analyzed the effects of air...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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doi:10.3109/08958378.2016.1146808
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2019.1680775
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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doi:10.3109/08958378.2014.954169
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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doi:10.3109/08958378.2010.542580
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, the effect of airway irritation by synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) on respiratory allergy to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was studied. Brown Norway (BN) rats were topically sensitized on...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Air pollution causes respiratory symptoms and pulmonary disease. Airway inflammation may be involved in the mechanism also for cardiovascular disease. Wood smoke is a significant contributor to air pollution, with complex and varying composition. We examined airway effects of two kinds of wood smoke in a c...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
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更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00