Abstract：
:Increased lung cancer incidence with workers at the production site of crude silicon carbide (SiC) using the Acheson process has been reported. Several agents derived from the process were discussed as causative factors. Recently concern had been expressed about the presence of cleavage fragments (CFs) in commercial products fulfilling the WHO criteria for fibers. This study has focused on the toxicological significance of such CFs. The test samples were respirable fractions of five different commercial samples of SiC grains. The CF content (scanning electron microscopy) was in the range 17-493 fibers/µg. Crystalline silica and whiskers could not be detected. Quartz DQ12, cristobalite, SiC whisker, UICC crocidolite and electrocorundum were used as control reference samples. Biological activity was assessed with the in vitro vector model (VM) on ex vivo rat and guinea pig alveolar macrophages (AMs). The dose range of the VM is derived from calculated AM loads from intratracheal instillation experiments and confirmed by measured AM loads from inhalation studies on alumina monohydrate particles with low biological activity: ≤120 pg/AM. The response of the references was clearly different from that of the SiC grains which yielded low toxicity overall. However, the parameter reactive oxygen species secreted by AMs was elevated at the higher SiC doses, but not related to the CF content of these samples. Our data showed that CFs seem to have no biological relevance. This is in agreement with results from recent studies in which no carcinogenic activity had been demonstrated for CFs.
journal_name
Inhal Toxicoljournal_title
Inhalation toxicologyauthors
Bruch J,Rehn B,Duval-Arnould G,Efskind J,Röderer G,Sébastian Pdoi
10.3109/08958378.2014.885099subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-04-01 00:00:00pages
278-88issue
5eissn
0895-8378issn
1091-7691journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The application of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm to an inhalation exposure system using a building automation system is described. Previous studies had utilized a control system in which concentration was monitored continuously and adjustments to the generator were made on a continuous bas...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370390217819
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Air pollution causes respiratory symptoms and pulmonary disease. Airway inflammation may be involved in the mechanism also for cardiovascular disease. Wood smoke is a significant contributor to air pollution, with complex and varying composition. We examined airway effects of two kinds of wood smoke in a c...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08958378.2011.633281
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to investigate effects of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and its derivatives (bisulfite and sulfite) on the rat blood pressure. The blood pressures of male Wistar rats exposed to SO(2) and its derivatives at various doses were measured. Findings were that: (1) with acute-one time exposure to SO(2) for ...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370390215785
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological studies of particulate matter (PM) using central area monitors have associated total PM mass, as well as certain individual components of PM, including sulfate, with adverse human health effects. However, some recent studies that used concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) or analyzed the effects of air...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/08958370590885672
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the effects of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter 0.02-1 microm (noted as PM1) inhalation during exercise on conduit artery and microvascular function. Inhalation of internal combustion-derived PM is associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Direct action of PM on t...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370601051727
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this work is to define a sample preparation protocol that allows inorganic fibers and particulate matter extracted from different biological samples to be characterized morphologically, crystallographically and chemically by transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (TEM-EDS). The ...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2016.1175527
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recurrent events, such as repeated hospital admissions for the same health outcome, occur frequently in environmental health studies. In this study, we conducted an analysis of data on repeated respiratory hospitalizations among the elderly in Vancouver, Canada, for the period of June 1, 1995, to March 31, 1999, using...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370600904538
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning may cause cardiotoxicity. The natriuretic peptides, including atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-BNP, and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide), are endogenous cardiac hormones that may be secreted upon myocardial stress. The aim of this s...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370500305885
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mexico City children are chronically exposed to significant concentrations of air pollutants and exhibit chronic respiratory-tract inflammation. Epidemiological, controlled human exposures, laboratory-based animal models, and in vitro/in vivo studies have shown that inflammatory, endothelial dysfunction, and endotheli...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370701864797
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Germany in 2006 a series of rapidly developing and sometimes severe cases of pulmonary health impairment were observed after normal use of the "Magic Nano Glass & Ceramic" spray and "Magic Nano Bath" spray. In contrast, the previously marketed "Magic Nano" pump spray product (handheld trigger device without propell...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370802220634
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biodiesel made from the transesterification of plant- and animal-derived oils is an important alternative fuel source for diesel engines. Although numerous studies have reported health effects associated with petroleum diesel emissions, information on biodiesel emissions are more limited. To this end, a program at the...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08958378.2015.1076910
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic bronchitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Chronic irritation of the conducting airways by inhaled substances, most importantly cigarette smoke, air pollution, and occupational exposures, is thought to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis. Microbial infections have been ...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/089583700750019549
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Provisional Advisory Level (PAL) protocol was applied to estimate inhalation exposure limits for phosgene (CG). Three levels (PAL 1, PAL 2, and PAL 3), distinguished by severity of toxic effects, are developed for 24-hour, 30-day, 90-day, and 2-year durations of potential drinking water and inhalation exposures fo...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/08958370903202820
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Objective: To develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for chloroprene in the mouse, rat and human, relying only on in vitro data to estimate tissue metabolism rates and partitioning, and to apply the model to calculate an inhalation unit risk (IUR) for chloroprene.Materials and methods: Female B6C...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2020.1715513
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cross-sectional study on suberosis was conducted in the Champagne-Ardenne County, France, to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, the level of pulmonary function, and the presence of precipitins against Penicillium frequentans. Thirteen of the 33 workers exposed to cork dust had respiratory symptoms exc...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370390249120
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Mucociliary clearance sustains a baseline functionality and an "on demand" capability to upregulate clearance upon irritant exposure involving mucus hypersecretion and accelerated ciliary beat frequency (CBF) modulated by nitric oxide (NO). This study characterized these elements as well as cellular and exoge...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2017.1318985
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This research describes a novel "minitower" dry powder delivery system for nose-only delivery of dry powder aerosols to spontaneously breathing rats. METHODS:The minitower system forces pressurized air through pre-filled capsules to deliver aerosolized drug to four nose ports; three of which house spontaneousl...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08958378.2015.1089959
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endotoxin causes an inflammation at the bronchial and alveolar level. The inflammation-induced increase in permeability of the bronchoalveolar epithelial barrier is supposed to cause a leakage of pneumoproteins. Therefore, their concentrations are expected to increase in the bloodstream. This study aimed at examining ...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370601144456
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell signaling by pathogenic minerals may initiate the transactivation of genes that are critical to carcinogenesis and fibroproliferative diseases of the lung and pleura. We have shown previously that stimulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade by asbestos fibers leads to phosphorylation events...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2000.11463240
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to evaluate the chronic effect of polymerized toner particles on the lung, inflammation- and fibrosis-related genes were analyzed and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was examined by using the lung tissue of rats subjected to 24 months of toner inhalation exposure. Wistar female rats were divided into four gr...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370802641938
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Three heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, 2,3-diethylpyrazine (DEP), 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), and 2-acetyl pyridine (AP), are naturally present in tobacco and are also added to tobacco as flavor ingredients. OBJECTIVE:A battery of tests was used to compare the toxicity of mainstream smoke from experimen...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08958378.2010.545841
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Numerous studies have found an association between transiently increased particulate matter air pollution and acute adverse cardiovascular health effects; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. Translocation of ultra-fine ambient particulate matter has been proposed to play a key role...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08958378.2013.844749
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elastolysis, collagenolysis and gelatinolysis are essential in the pathogenesis of tobacco smoke-induced emphysema; however, these activities have been scantily studied in emphysema secondary to woodsmoke. The aim of this study was to analyze elastolysis, collagenolysis and gelatinolysis, MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expre...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370802419145
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary objective of this study was to correlate the emission of macro and nanoparticles released during the process of metal inert gas/metal active gas (MIG/MAG) of stainless steel with different gas mixtures. Using different gas mixtures with different heat inputs, it was possible to determine fume formation rat...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2017.1358778
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological studies have reported increased morbidity in human populations following inhalation of elevated levels of urban particulate matter. These responses are especially prevalent in populations with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, including chronic bronchitis. Toxicological studies have reported alte...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/089583799196781
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, the effect of airway irritation by synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) on respiratory allergy to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was studied. Brown Norway (BN) rats were topically sensitized on...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370802105371
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, it was studied whether airway irritation by sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) would enhance respiratory allergic reactions to trimellitic anhydride (TMA), using a rat model. Brown Norway (BN) rats ...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08958370902828468
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellulose fibers, along with many other organic fibers, are durable. Therefore, if inhaled, they have the potential to persist within the lung, and may then cause disease. Here we report the effects of injecting high-purity cellulose fibers into the abdominal cavity of rats. A respirable fraction of cellulose fiber wa...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370290084584
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Objective: Ethanol is used as a solvent for flavoring chemicals in some electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) liquids (e-liquids). However, there are limited data available regarding the effects of inhalation of ethanol on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) during e-cigarette use. In this study, a modified physiologically...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2020.1720867
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Objective: Cigarette tobacco smoking has been shown to cause cancer through different mechanisms that include epigenetic modulation of tumor-suppressor genes. In the present study, the association between global and MLH1 gene promoter methylation and waterpipe tobacco smoking was investigated. Materials and Methods: B...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2020.1754972
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
