Abstract:
:A method for quantitative determination of thiuram and carbamate derivatives released from rubber gloves into synthetic sweat is presented. The analysis was based upon determination of ester derivatives using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry and isotope-dilution. The detection limit was 0.1 mg thiuram/carbamate in 200 ml synthetic sweat (0.5 ppm). The release of thiurams and carbamates from 5 household and 5 surgical types of gloves into synthetic sweat was determined. Each of the natural rubber gloves released varying amounts of thiurams (0-4.3 mg) as well as carbamates (0-8.1 mg). 22 thiuram-sensitized patients were patch tested with pieces of the gloves. Gloves releasing considerable amounts of thiurams and/or carbamates seemed to cause more positive patch test reactions in these patients than gloves releasing smaller amounts. Surgical gloves made from natural rubber caused a substantial larger number of positive patch test reactions than household gloves made from natural rubber. The amounts released per cm2 of the gloves were of the same order of magnitude as the content per cm2 patch test of thiuram mix, diluted 1:10. The accessibility of a quantitative, chemical analysis for thiurams and carbamates released from rubber gloves makes it reasonable to ask for declarations of rubber gloves. Proposals for threshold values for release of thiurams and carbamates from rubber gloves may be given in the future.
journal_name
Contact Dermatitisjournal_title
Contact dermatitisauthors
Knudsen BB,Larsen E,Egsgaard H,Menné Tdoi
10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03343.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-02-01 00:00:00pages
63-9issue
2eissn
0105-1873issn
1600-0536journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Contact allergy to phenol-formaldehyde resins (PFRs) based on phenol and formaldehyde is not detected by a p-tertiary-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-FR) included in most baseline patch test series. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the rate of contact allergy to PFR-2 (a mixture of monomers and dimers from a ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01921.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Healthcare workers are occupationally exposed to various allergens in protective gloves, surface or instrument disinfectants, drugs, and skin care products. An increased prevalence of sensitization to thiurams, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and glyoxal in nurses with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) has ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12330
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the results of scarified photopatch testing in 3 patients with photosensitivity to lomefloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent introduced onto the Japanese market in April 1990. The patients developed pruritic eczematous lesions on sun-exposed areas 5 days to 3 weeks after they had started taking lomef...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00860.x
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of test techniques on neomycin patch test results have not been thoroughly investigated. This study focuses on effects of dose and application time of neomycin sulfate patch tests on test results. The effects are assessed both visually and by perfusion. 16 subjects positive to neomycin are retested with neomyc...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.043005283.x
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::16 children with atopic dermatitis and 4 nonatopics were skin tested with flavourings and perfumes. Immediate reactions to balsam of Peru and fragrance-mix were found in 9 atopics, and none among nonatopics. An irritant is more probable than an immunologic mechanism. Allergen solutions should probably be assayed at a ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05196.x
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1988, 64% of our patients patch test positive to at least 1 allergen of the ICDRG standard series were nickel sensitive. In 70% of 300 patients evaluated, dermatitis started on the earlobes and was related to the regular wearing of cheap earrings. At the same time, 62% of 735 young schoolgirls were found to have de...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03203.x
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repeated open application tests (ROATs) were performed with common ingredients of vehicles in 86 patients with contact dermatitis. The substances were applied twice daily for 7 days to the flexor aspect of the forearm near the cubital fossa, unless dermatitis appeared earlier. Of the patients with a questionable (?+) ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01229.x
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cyclic acid anhydrides often cause allergic respiratory diseases, but contact urticaria because of these anhydrides has been considered rare. OBJECTIVE:We describe 21 patients diagnosed with occupational contact urticaria at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health during the period 1990-2006. METHOD:P...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01526.x
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) is a mushroom which is eaten in Chinese and Japanese meals and is nowadays the second most commonly produced edible mushroom in the world. Shiitake dermatitis was first described by Nakamura in 1977. This disease presents with very characteristic skin manifestations. From April 1974 to April...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05211.x
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been known since the 1940s that nail polishes contain allergenic ingredients. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the nail polishes on the market today contain significant amounts of allergens, and what the solvents are. The following ingredients were determined: toluene, toluene sulfonamide formaldehy...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00189.x
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chromium-tanned leather articles currently constitute the most important cause of contact allergy to chromium in Denmark. A regulation on the content of hexavalent chromium in leather was adopted in November 2013 by the EU member states. OBJECTIVES:To characterize patients with chromium allergy and their di...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12291
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A tire assembler developed contact dermatitis from IPPD, a rubber antioxidant. The lichenoid clinical pattern corresponded histologically to lichenified dermatitis. Tire assemblers appear to acquire contact dermatitis to this aromatic amine more frequently than any other workers in the tire manufacturing industry. Pos...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04152.x
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an evaluation of the safety of new chemicals, of products containing them, or of novel formulations of existing chemicals which may come into contact with the skin, it is important to incorporate an assessment of specially susceptible sub-populations. Such a group is represented by those who are more likely to expe...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03534.x
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chromium (Cr) is a common skin sensitizer. The use of Cr(VI) in leather is restricted in the EU, but that of Cr(III) is not. OBJECTIVES:To assess whether prolonged exposure to Cr-tanned leather with mainly Cr(III) release may elicit allergic contact dermatitis in Cr-allergic individuals. METHOD:Ten Cr-alle...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12946
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our aim was to quantify and qualify the use of complementary medicine (CM) by patients referred to our contact dermatitis clinic in Leicester, UK. A face-to-face structured questionnaire study was made of 109 consecutive patients referred to the contact dermatitis clinic. 109 such questionnaires were completed. 21/109...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00391.x
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patch testing, using European standard allergens and suspected causative substances brought in by patients, was carried out in 490 patients with eczema in Hong Kong and 437 completed the test. Before patch testing, 244, 141 and 105 patients were diagnosed as having contact dermatitis, endogenous eczema and unclassifie...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02261.x
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the mechanisms of non-immunologic contact urticaria (NICU), the effect of 120 mg of terfenadine (H1-antagonist) on contact reactions to methyl nicotinate, diethyl fumarate, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, cinnamic aldehyde and dimethyl sulfoxide was studied in 20 subjects. Erythema and edema were observed ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb01429.x
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Piroxicam (PXM) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which may induce a photosensitive eruption shortly after administration. We examined whether animals sensitized to thimerosal developed a photosensitivity to PXM. Male Hartley strain guinea pigs were sensitized to thimerosal, thiosalicylate and PXM separately. T...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01769.x
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of "accelerants" on the percutaneous absorption of 3 organic solvents (butanol, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane) was investigated in the guinea pig. DMSO in binary and ternary mixtures with various concentrations, the result of adding 0.1 M C18 fatty acids, and of pretreatment with DMSO and olive oil, wer...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb04748.x
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hand dermatitis is a prevalent disease with an episodic, chronic character. The use of medical resources is high and is often related to reduced (work) functioning. The burden is therefore high for patients and society. Management of hand dermatitis is often unsatisfactory, and for this reason prevention is important....
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01825.x
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nickel is the most common cause of contact allergy and an important risk factor for hand eczema. Visualization techniques may be powerful in showing exposures. The dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test might be used to establish skin exposure to nickel. OBJECTIVES:To develop and evaluate methods for visualization of ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01856.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A popular "skin protector" consisting of an emulsion-like foam of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances (Marly skin) was evaluated in a previously described repetitive irritation guinea pig model. The product failed to inhibit the irritation due to sodium lauryl sulphate and toluene. In striking contrast to the recomm...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03486.x
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on the information of the interdisciplinary task force on allergy diagnostics in the metal branch, in 2001, the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) compiled two metalworking fluid (MWF) test series with currently and previously used components, respectively. After 2 years of patch testing, we present ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00416.x
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of cosmetics is rising, and adverse reactions to these products are increasing. In Sweden, the Medical Products Agency (MPA) keeps a voluntary reporting system for such adverse reactions. However, the reporting is sparse, consisting almost only of cases with test-proven allergic contact dermatitis, t...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01309.x
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical and patch test (PT) features of patients with positive PT reactions to fragrance mix (FM) were studied. 378 consecutive eczema outpatients patch tested with a modified European standard series were analysed. 60 patients (15.9%) reacted to FM. No significant differences could be found between the ages of F...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00516.x
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) is a chemical used as a disinfectant for recreational water. BCDMH was described as being responsible for an epidemic of irritant contact dermatitis in the UK (1983), and its sensitizing capacity was also discussed. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to assess ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02030.x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this study was to evaluate biophysically and clinically the hand skin of nurses working in the operating room in comparison with the hand skin of a control group of female administrative employees. 19 nurses and 14 employees were included in this trial. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460406.x
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Allergic contact dermatitis caused by (meth)acrylates is well known, both in occupational and in non-occupational settings. Contact hypersensitivity to electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes containing (meth)acrylates is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To report the first case of contact dermatitis caused by acrylic...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12357
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cobalt release from dental prostheses has been shown to elicit allergic reactions in cobalt-allergic patients. It is therefore important to investigate whether these prostheses are possible sources of sensitization. OBJECTIVES:To assess (i) cobalt release from dental prostheses and (ii) allergic reactions t...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12649
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) has been one of the most frequent sensitizers since the 1980s. In 2005, the use of MI alone was approved for the preservation of cosmetic and household products in the EU. Before that, MI was used in industrial products, and the first cases of isolat...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01774.x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00