Abstract：
:It has been known since the 1940s that nail polishes contain allergenic ingredients. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the nail polishes on the market today contain significant amounts of allergens, and what the solvents are. The following ingredients were determined: toluene, toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resins, free formaldehyde, acrylates, methacrylates and certain organic solvents. The study comprised 20 brands and 42 samples. All the nail polishes analysed contained allergenic toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resins (TSFR), in concentrations from 0.08 to 11.0%. The concentration of total formaldehyde varied from 0.02% to 0.5%. The more TSFR a nail polish contained, the higher was its formaldehyde content. Probably not only TSFR-allergic but also formaldehyde-allergic persons may get dermatitis from many of the nail polishes studied. The concentrations of acrylates and methacrylates were so small that they are of practical significance only to those previously sensitized to acrylates. Of the organic solvents, toluene was still widely used, whereas xylene was found in only 1 product. The nail polishes on the market today are not safe for all consumers. However, according to the regulations of the European Union, the packaging labeling of all cosmetic products must be supplied with a list of ingredients from the beginning of 1998. This will help the consumer to avoid allergenic products. A better alternative could, however, be to substitute the most allergenic ingredients with substances possessing minor allergy potency.
journal_name
Contact Dermatitisjournal_title
Contact dermatitisauthors
Sainio EL,Engström K,Henriks-Eckerman ML,Kanerva Ldoi
10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00189.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-10-01 00:00:00pages
155-62issue
4eissn
0105-1873issn
1600-0536journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Positive patch test reactions to mixtures of oxidized terpenes containing allergenic hydroperoxides are frequently reported. However, human sensitization data for these hydroperoxides are not available. OBJECTIVES:To analyse and evaluate the human sensitization potential and potency of hydroperoxides in vit...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cod.13286
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In 2011, a multicentre study was conducted in order to determine how hair dye manufacturers instructed consumers to perform a self-test prior to dyeing their hair, in order to identify individuals who are likely to react upon subsequent hair dyeing. A number of concerns were raised concerning the variability...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/cod.12882
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The use of permanent hair dyes exposes hairdressers to contact allergens such as p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and the preventive measures are insufficient. OBJECTIVES:To perform an in vivo test to study the protective effect of gloves commonly used by hairdressers. PATIENTS/MATERIALS/METHODS:Six gloves from S...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cod.12320
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bibliographic sources for the complex subject of aroma chemicals are reviewed. The references are not comprehensive but are those which we found to be of value in finding out some of the opportunities for contact with a sensitizing chemical compound, cinnamic aldehyde. ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05310.x
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some methacrylates are known to be strong contact sensitizers. To determine the effect of side-chain length on sensitizing potential, we examined 11 derivatives with linear side chains from C1 to C18 in an experimental sensitization test in guinea pigs. The results showed an increase in the sensitizing potential with ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb05971.x
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hand eczema is common in the nursing profession, and has been reported widely in various parts of the world. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of hand eczema among nurses working in a regional hospital in Hong Kong, as well as its psychosocial impact and any possi...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01961.x
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 50-year-old woman developed anaphylaxis 8 h after application of a paraformaldehyde-containing root canal disinfectant. Radioallergosorbent test showed that she had a high level of formaldehyde-specific IgE in her serum. Prick tests to formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde showed immediate-type responses to both. We rev...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470405.x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cyclic acid anhydrides often cause allergic respiratory diseases, but contact urticaria because of these anhydrides has been considered rare. OBJECTIVE:We describe 21 patients diagnosed with occupational contact urticaria at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health during the period 1990-2006. METHOD:P...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01526.x
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The use of cosmetics is rising, and adverse reactions to these products are increasing. In Sweden, the Medical Products Agency (MPA) keeps a voluntary reporting system for such adverse reactions. However, the reporting is sparse, consisting almost only of cases with test-proven allergic contact dermatitis, t...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01309.x
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The validity of questionnaire answers with respect to hand eczema was investigated. Car mechanics, dentists and office workers answered a questionnaire on the occurrence of hand eczema on any occasion during the past 12 months. "Yes"-responders and a random sample of "no"-responders were subsequently interviewed and e...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.045002099.x
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Nickel is the most common cause of contact allergy and an important risk factor for hand eczema. Visualization techniques may be powerful in showing exposures. The dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test might be used to establish skin exposure to nickel. OBJECTIVES:To develop and evaluate methods for visualization of ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01856.x
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deodorants are one of the most frequently-used types of cosmetics and are a source of allergic contact dermatitis. Therefore, a gas chromatography - mass spectrometric analysis of 71 deodorants was performed for identification of fragrance and non-fragrance materials present in marketed deodorants. Futhermore, the sen...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05944.x
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Henna (Lawsonia inermis, family Lythraceae) is a shrub cultivated in India, Sri Lanka and North Africa and contains the active dye lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone). Henna dye is obtained from the dried leaves, which are powdered and mixed with oil or water and are used to prepare hair and body dyes. Temporary he...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00845.x
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pimecrolimus suppresses the proinflammatory cytokine production of cutaneous T and mast cells (1). It is used to treat atopic dermatitis and is the active ingredient in the topical formulation pimecrolimus 1.0% cream (Elidel, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland). ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.00822.x
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigations on light reactions in a patient with vitiligo are presented. The minimal erythema dose (MED) in the UVB area was approximately 1/3 of that in persons of skin type II. The application of furocoumarins (psoralens) increased light tolerance by 1 MED at 300-310 nm. Action spectrum studies with furocoumarins...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04429.x
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A chemical operator handling dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) developed delayed and pain-free burns on one of his feet 2 days after a supposed spillage of DMAD. The injuries were confirmed to be associated with DMAD by chemical analysis of the operator's safety boot and patch tests. DMAD easily penetrates some p...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00166.x
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allergic contact dermatitis is reported in a patient using a condom with the spermicidal lubricant Tectol. A 36 year old female, with no history of dermatitis or pruritus of the vagina or vulva, experienced itchy dermatitis 24-48 hours after her partner used a Durex Top Safe contraceptive containing Tectol. The derm...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb02678.x
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Miconidin (2-methoxy-6-pentyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene) and the allergen primin (2-methoxy-6-pentyl-1,4-benzoquinone) have been isolated from fresh unchopped plant material (leaves, stems and flowers together) of Primula obconica. Miconidin and primin were obtained in approximately equal amounts and their structures deter...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00507.x
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vulvar tissue is more permeable than exposed skin due to differences in structure, occlusion, hydration and susceptibility to friction. The safety assessment of products that contact the vulva should account for this potentially heightened permeability. Standard clinical patch tests may not sufficiently mimic vulvar e...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00444.x
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study of 152 women, comparison of patch test responses between 2 irritants over 96 h at 2 symmetrical anatomical sites is studied. 2 irritants, each at 4 different concentrations (nonanoic acid (NAA) 80%, 40%, 20%, 10%; sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 3%, 2%, 1% and 0.5%) and using propan-1ol and 'water for inject...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05916.x
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to assess occupational hazards to the farmer's skin associated with processing thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). 46 farmers were studied during the threshing of dried thyme. They were questioned about work-related skin problems and examined before and after work. In all persons, serum thyme-specific...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.044004235.x
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of our study was to investigate the risk and characteristics of self-reported skin diseases among hydrotherapists. We attempted to contact 400 adults who participated in 1 of 2 training courses. 248 were reached and 190 of them (76.6%) completed the questionnaires. The data were collected by means of a telepho...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00699.x
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is the monomer and most important contact allergen in epoxy resin(s) based on bisphenol A (DGEBA-R). Both thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are available for the analysis of products containing DGEBA-R. With respect to detecti...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00319.x
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydrolyzed wheat protein is used as an additive in several cosmetic products. We present a case of contact allergy to hydrolyzed wheat protein found in a cosmetic cream and highlight this additive is a potential allergen. ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.00977.x
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to compare the frequency of lanolin allergy during two periods and to assess the adequacy of testing with one standard allergen. Among 1230 consecutive patients with eczema who were standard patch tested, 33 (2.7%), 21 females and 12 males, gave a positive reaction to wool alcohols...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1979.tb04824.x
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Of 240 patients treated with 1% tromantadine hydrochloride ointment, 20 showed local irritation, of which 12 were due to contact allergy as demonstrated by patch testing. ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1976.tb03049.x
更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The prevalence of body piercing and orthodontic treatment has increased during recent decades. Such changes in lifestyle may influence the occurrence of nickel allergy. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of nickel allergy in a Swedish youth population. METHODS:In a cross-sectio...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01257.x
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contact allergy to corticosteroids now seems frequent among patients being patch tested. As corticosteroids are intrinsically anti-inflammatory, we investigated whether patch tests with a potent corticosteroid might suppress simultaneous adjacent patch test reactions to another allergen. Nickel-sensitive subjects were...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00809.x
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retesting with an allergen at a site with previous allergic contact dermatitis has been shown to enhance reactivity. It has been suggested that retesting with a cross-reactive allergen will also induce hyperreactivity. Concurrent sensitization to more than 1 thiuram is common, but whether this is due to concomitant pr...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00785.x
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Panthenol (synonym: dexpanthenol), the alcohol analogue of panthothenic acid, is frequently included in moisturizers, wound-healing agents, and other cosmetics, and has been shown to be responsible for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the frequency of ACD caused by dexpanthenol, and...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cod.13054
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
