Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Hand eczema is common in the nursing profession, and has been reported widely in various parts of the world. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of hand eczema among nurses working in a regional hospital in Hong Kong, as well as its psychosocial impact and any possible associated risk factors. PATIENTS/MATERIALS/METHODS:The study took the form of a self-report questionnaire survey; 1240 nurses in a regional hospital were asked to participate in the survey by completing the questionnaire and returning it anonymously within 2 weeks. RESULTS:Seven hundred and twenty-four nurses returned the questionnaire (a response rate of 59%). The prevalence of hand eczema among the respondents was 22.1% (160/724). More than 90% had moderate to severe hand eczema. Itchiness and dryness were the most common symptoms. Occupational work, housework, mood, social activities and sleep were particularly affected. Multinomial logistic regressions showed that a personal or family history of atopy and a hand washing frequency of >20 times per day were independent risk factors for hand eczema. CONCLUSIONS:Hand eczema is common and severe among Hong Kong nurses. The results of this study suggest that hand eczema is an important problem for nurses and that preventive measures should be emphasized.
journal_name
Contact Dermatitisjournal_title
Contact dermatitisauthors
Luk NM,Lee HC,Luk CK,Cheung YY,Chang MC,Chao VK,Ng SC,Tang LSdoi
10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01961.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
329-35issue
6eissn
0105-1873issn
1600-0536journal_volume
65pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We review controlled trials of corticosteroid effect in experimentally elicited acute nickel contact dermatitis in man, in the hope of clarifying optimal efficacy for clinical use. To maximize discrimination and objectivity, we focus on data with 1 well-characterized allergen, nickel, in studies utilizing bioengineeri...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.043006317.x
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:3-Iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate (IPBC) is a fungicide used in both industrial products and cosmetics. We report the first case of allergic contact dermatitis from airborne exposure to this preservative. A 34-year-old female production worker at a paint factory developed dermatitis on air-exposed skin areas. Patch tes...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.00079.x
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Water is a skin irritant which deserves attention because of its ubiquity. During the Vietnam war, soldiers suffered from painful swollen feet, so-called tropical immersion foot. In occupational dermatology, the importance of water as a skin irritant is especially appreciated. The irritancy of water has been demonstra...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06990.x
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A healed or healing allergic contact dermatitis is easily reactivated to a flare-up if the patient is provoked systemically with his particular allergen. 5 patients with contact allergy to gold were patch tested with a serial dilution of gold sodium thiosulfate. 1 to 2 months later, when positive test reactions were h...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06103.x
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The occurrence of occupational contact dermatitis among workers in a rubber factory from 1976 to 1980 was studied. Insurance compensation was paid to 50 workers with dermatitis. 21 of the cases were allergic and 27 toxic contact dermatitis, giving a contact dermatitis frequency of 5.6/1000 workers. Paraphenylenediamin...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04259.x
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Simultaneous investigation of the bacterial flora of a soluble oil in use as a metalworking fluid and of the skin of machine operatives exposed to that soluble oil did not support the hypothesis that bacteria in soluble oil emulsions colonise the skin and either initiate or maintain the dermatitis associated with solu...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1980.tb03873.x
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methods for investigating contact eczematous patients and for measuring the sensitizing potential of various substances are well known and in general, sufficiently effective. This is not true for irritant dermatitis, or for possible (skin) irritant substances; moreover, cosmetics commonly do not contain acutely harmfu...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05305.x
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Occupational skin diseases (OSDs) often have considerable medical and occupational consequences. Previous data on prognostic factors have been derived from studies with fairly small sample sizes. OBJECTIVES:To determine the medical and occupational outcome in 1048 patients diagnosed with OSD at the Finnish ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01611.x
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A relationship between sensitivity to poison oak or poison ivy and mango dermatitis has been suggested by previous publications. The observation that acute allergic contact dermatitis can arise on first exposure to mango in patients who have been sensitized beforehand by contact with other urushiol-containing plants h...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00454.x
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Musk ambrette has become one of the commonest photosensitizers in many countries and is the cause of persistent light reactions in many patients. A simple method is presented for qualitative analysis for musk ambrette and other nitromusks in colognes using thin-layer chromatography with toluene as carrier solvent and ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01153.x
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:16 children with atopic dermatitis and 4 nonatopics were skin tested with flavourings and perfumes. Immediate reactions to balsam of Peru and fragrance-mix were found in 9 atopics, and none among nonatopics. An irritant is more probable than an immunologic mechanism. Allergen solutions should probably be assayed at a ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05196.x
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Frictional hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis (FHHD) is an unusual form of chronic eczema relating to repeated frictional trauma. This form of hand eczema is often occupationally related and recalcitrant to therapy. We describe the case of FHHD in a 48-year-old dermatologic surgeon. The eruption was resistant to all topic...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01152.x
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exaggerated test conditions were frequently used to investigate the cutaneous tolerance of detergent products in the past. As the sensitivity of newly designed biometric methods is steadily improving, the trend towards more realistic test conditions should be encouraged. A hand immersion test under laboratory-controll...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06010.x
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hand eczema is a disease with large variation in clinical presentation and severity. Scoring systems for quantitative severity assessment exist. However, they are observer-dependent. An objective quantitative tool for scoring of hand eczema would improve categorization of hand eczema. OBJECTIVE:To investiga...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cod.13377
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The literature is reviewed for contact dermatitis associated with transdermal therapeutic systems. Clonidine, nitroglycerin, scopolamine, estradiol and testosterone are utilized in such applications, and fentanyl is under investigation. Most cutaneous reactions are limited to localized dermatitis; however, generalized...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03087.x
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixteen patients with verified light sensitivity to both UVB and UVA wavebands showed allergic reactions to various lichen plants (Parmelia spp., Hypogymnia spp., Pseuodovernia spp., Cladonia spp., Platismatia spp., Physcia spp., Umbilicaria spp. and Cetraria spp.). Among the aromatic lichen compounds, atranorin was o...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1980.tb03911.x
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The prevalence of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) sensitization is 4% in the patch tested population and varies between zero and 1.5% in the general population. Hair dye is a recognised sensitization source. OBJECTIVES:To define the prevalence rates of PPD sensitization in the general and patch tested populations ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cod.12354
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The validity of questionnaire answers with respect to hand eczema was investigated. Car mechanics, dentists and office workers answered a questionnaire on the occurrence of hand eczema on any occasion during the past 12 months. "Yes"-responders and a random sample of "no"-responders were subsequently interviewed and e...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.045002099.x
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:3 patients with contact dermatitis to an ethyl cyanoacrylate glue are presented. Although reactions to cyanoacrylate glues are considered rare, more widespread use of these products by nail salons is likely to be associated with an increased incidence of positive reactions. All 3 of our patients came into contact with...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb02719.x
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Adverse drug reactions pose an increasing diagnostic challenge in hospitals and in outpatient clinics. When consecutive or repeated allergic drug eruptions are suspected, patch testing is a useful diagnostic tool for determining the causative drugs. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to identify patient ca...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cod.12076
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Occupational skin disease is one of the most common occupational diseases. The hand is the most frequent site of involvement in occupational skin disease. We interviewed and examined patients seen in the Contact Dermatitis Clinic of the National Taiwan University Medical Center, a tertiary referral center in Taipei Ci...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb02077.x
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a multicentre study of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 0.25% and 0.5% aq. has been added to routine allergen patch tests to assess its properties as a convenient diagnostic indicator of individual susceptibility to irritation at the time of patch testing. Previous studies i...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00458.x
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In some patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), delayed-type allergy to aeroallergens, such as house dust mite, can be demonstrated by patch testing. Positive patch tests can be expected only in patients with AD and, in them, only to aeroallergens to which type 1 reactions have also been demonstrated. In an as yet unkno...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03197.x
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has previously been suggested as playing a major rôle in the activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Recent reports indicate that cytotoxic CD8+ cells are critically involved in the elicitation phase of contact hypersensitivity reactions. In this study, the in situ expression of IL-12 was investiga...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.042001018.x
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Preservatives such as formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers are common causes of contact allergy. OBJECTIVES:To examine trends in contact allergy to formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers in patch tested patients in Denmark over a 10-year period (2007-2016), and to investigate relevant sources of formald...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cod.13052
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repeated open application tests (ROATs) were performed with common ingredients of vehicles in 86 patients with contact dermatitis. The substances were applied twice daily for 7 days to the flexor aspect of the forearm near the cubital fossa, unless dermatitis appeared earlier. Of the patients with a questionable (?+) ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01229.x
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To critically review currently available methods, or methods under development (in vivo, in vitro, in silico, etc.) used in the evaluation of skin sensitization potential and their applicability in the derivation of quantitative 'safety thresholds'. ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.02004_2.x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In continuation of our preceding studies, we disclose long-term experiments to test more extensively the protective power of the novel 4H Glove. 2 compounds encountered in modern electron microscopy technique, 1-hexadecene (1-HD) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA), which elicit allergic and/or toxic reactions in labo...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00122.x
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allergic contact dermatitis is reported in a patient using a condom with the spermicidal lubricant Tectol. A 36 year old female, with no history of dermatitis or pruritus of the vagina or vulva, experienced itchy dermatitis 24-48 hours after her partner used a Durex Top Safe contraceptive containing Tectol. The derm...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb02678.x
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 50-year-old woman developed anaphylaxis 8 h after application of a paraformaldehyde-containing root canal disinfectant. Radioallergosorbent test showed that she had a high level of formaldehyde-specific IgE in her serum. Prick tests to formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde showed immediate-type responses to both. We rev...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470405.x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
