Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Preservatives such as formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers are common causes of contact allergy. OBJECTIVES:To examine trends in contact allergy to formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers in patch tested patients in Denmark over a 10-year period (2007-2016), and to investigate relevant sources of formaldehyde among the patients. METHODS:A cross-sectional registry study on patch test data from patients tested with formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers (N = 8463) was performed. The presence of released formaldehyde in products from formaldehyde-allergic patients was identified with chemical analyses (chromotropic acid or acetylacetone test). RESULTS:The prevalence of contact allergy to formaldehyde 1% was 1.5%, and ranged between 0.97% and 2.3%, with a decreasing trend in this 10-year period. Contact allergy to formaldehyde 2% was found in 2.4%, and no significant trend was observed. Quaternium-15 was the formaldehyde-releaser most often positive (0.86%). Patients allergic to formaldehyde often had simultaneous positive patch test reactions to formaldehyde-releasers (36%). Almost 63% of the patients with formaldehyde allergy used products that released formaldehyde; cosmetics were the most common sources. CONCLUSIONS:Although contact allergy to formaldehyde 1% decreased in this 10-year time period, contact allergies to formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers overall remain frequent in patients. In most cases, formaldehyde-allergic patients are exposed to ≥1 products containing formaldehyde. Improved regulation on permitted amounts of free formaldehyde in cosmetics is still warranted, including direct labelling of formaldehyde when it is present in small but relevant amounts.
journal_name
Contact Dermatitisjournal_title
Contact dermatitisauthors
Fasth IM,Ulrich NH,Johansen JDdoi
10.1111/cod.13052subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-11-01 00:00:00pages
263-269issue
5eissn
0105-1873issn
1600-0536journal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The expression of surface-bound immunoglobulin E by dendritic cells within cutaneous tissue has been compared in atopic and contact dermatitis. 45 patients were recruited into 4 groups using clinical criteria and patch testing to a standard series of allergens: atopic (12 cases), allergic contact dermatitis (14 cases)...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01799.x
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An inverse relationship between disease severity and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in patients with hand eczema is well established, but modifying effects of demographic variables have been less well studied. OBJECTIVE:To identify the influence of metropolitan versus non-metropolitan residence on ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12962
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrolyzed wheat protein is used as an additive in several cosmetic products. We present a case of contact allergy to hydrolyzed wheat protein found in a cosmetic cream and highlight this additive is a potential allergen. ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.00977.x
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pilot study was performed to compare the results obtained by leaving the test substances recommended by ICDRG on the backs of the patients for 24 and 48 h, respectively. The Pirilä chamber test method was used. We got different results between the two methods of application time as reported, and intend to continue t...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1978.tb03851.x
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a widespread, but largely unsubstantiated, view that certain skin types may be more susceptible to the effect of skin irritants than others. One expression of this would be that certain ethnic groups may also be more likely to experience skin irritation. As a consequence, when evaluating the skin compatibilit...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.450605.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the incidence of occupational dermatitis and transepidermal water vapour loss (TEWL) changes from cutting fluids (neat mineral oils) in 24 new machinists with 27 armed forces paramedics (controls) over a 6-month period. The cumulative incidence of occupational dermatitis in positive controls increased from...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb01929.x
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzoyl peroxide patch testing was performed on 60 young adults who had participated in a double-blind acne study. 25% of those who had used a benzoyl peroxide product showed reactivity of +1 or greater (on a 0--3 scale). None of these individuals demonstrated symptoms suggestive of irritancy or allergy greater than t...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04238.x
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patch testing with chemical irritants almost always produces a striking variability in the intensity of reaction between individuals, even amongst normal, healthy subjects. Whilst there have been many attempts to define factors which predispose to heightened or, conversely, to diminished reactivity, the underlying cel...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470503.x
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to compare the frequency of lanolin allergy during two periods and to assess the adequacy of testing with one standard allergen. Among 1230 consecutive patients with eczema who were standard patch tested, 33 (2.7%), 21 females and 12 males, gave a positive reaction to wool alcohols...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1979.tb04824.x
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2016, dermatologists in Finland suspected contact allergy in several patients using moisturizers under the trade name Apobase®. Following a formulation change, Phenostat™, which is a mixture of phenoxyethanol, caprylhydroxamic acid, and methylpropanediol, was used as a preservative in Apobase® moisturizer...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12787
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nickel-elicited systemic contact dermatitis is a well-known entity, although it is far less common than allergic contact dermatitis. In most of the cases, the main way of nickel administration is oral. Clinical manifestations are miscellaneous including pompholyx, diffuse exanthema, flexural dermatitis or baboon syndr...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00689.x
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is used for assessing sensitizing potential in hazard identification and risk assessment for regulatory purposes. Sensitizing potency on the basis of the LLNA is categorized into extreme (EC3 value of ≤0.2%), strong (>0.2% to ≤2%), and moderate (>2%). To compare the sensitizing potenc...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/cod.12683
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::16 children with atopic dermatitis and 4 nonatopics were skin tested with flavourings and perfumes. Immediate reactions to balsam of Peru and fragrance-mix were found in 9 atopics, and none among nonatopics. An irritant is more probable than an immunologic mechanism. Allergen solutions should probably be assayed at a ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05196.x
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contact urticaria to potato was confirmed by skin testing in a 26-year-old male with atopic dermatitis, birch-pollen rhinoconjunctivitis and a history of immediate finger itching upon handling raw potato. The potato peel was non-reactive. The urticarial reactivity to potato could be transferred by the patient's serum ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04315.x
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although citation analysis represents an increasingly common method for examining the performance of scientific journals, few longitudinal studies have been conducted in the specialist fields of dermatology. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to provide the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01609.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present report describes experimental studies on the proteolytic activity of the secretion on the surface of okra pods and the allergenicity of okra components, to clarify the etiology of skin lesions due to okra. Proteolytic activity was detected on the surface of immature okra pods and seemed to be sufficient to...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00891.x
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The irritation potential of surfactants and body cleansing products was determined by evaluating the removal of dansyl chloride from the skin. Dilute solutions (2% active ingredient, w/v) of surfactants and soap extract fluorescence from the skin within 30 min. This is probably a physicochemical effect as it is too ra...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00570.x
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of "accelerants" on the percutaneous absorption of 3 organic solvents (butanol, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane) was investigated in the guinea pig. DMSO in binary and ternary mixtures with various concentrations, the result of adding 0.1 M C18 fatty acids, and of pretreatment with DMSO and olive oil, wer...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb04748.x
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The case of a 40-year-old woman with severe edema of the face and neck after the injection of a local dental anesthetic is presented. The reaction is attributed to the presence of sodium metabisulfite, and antioxidant, in the local anesthetic. Both the anesthetic and the sodium metabisulfite gave a delayed positive pa...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03120.x
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitization rates are influenced by sex and age. Crude rates from different departments cannot be compared without taking into account these variables. However, the influence of sex and age has never been considered quantitatively. In 2 hypothetical populations with identical age-specific sensitizations rates, but d...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02236.x
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Common emulsifiers were tested in over 1,200 patients with eczema. Triethanolamine stearate tested at 5% in petrolatum caused irritant reactions in 9.5% of the patients. On the other hand, non-ionic emulsifying agents tested at 10-20% produced irritation in only a few cases. Allergic reactions were found in 2.1% of th...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1976.tb03027.x
更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequencies of cosmetics intolerance and contact allergy to colophony were investigated among 116 singers and dancers and 16 make-up artists. Participants were interviewed, examined and patch tested with a standard series and materials from the opera house. Common skin lesions were found in 1/3 of participants and...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00780.x
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:BACKGROUND. Allergens included in the European baseline series should result in positive patch test reactions in at least 1% of a patch test population. Inclusion of local anaesthetics other than benzocaine in the baseline series has previously been debated. OBJECTIVES:To investigate temporal trends of benz...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01858.x
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) has been one of the most frequent sensitizers since the 1980s. In 2005, the use of MI alone was approved for the preservation of cosmetic and household products in the EU. Before that, MI was used in industrial products, and the first cases of isolat...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01774.x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chromium (Cr) is a common skin sensitizer. The use of Cr(VI) in leather is restricted in the EU, but that of Cr(III) is not. OBJECTIVES:To assess whether prolonged exposure to Cr-tanned leather with mainly Cr(III) release may elicit allergic contact dermatitis in Cr-allergic individuals. METHOD:Ten Cr-alle...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12946
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although hand hygiene is an important and inexpensive measure to prevent nosocomial infections in clinical settings, the compliance of healthcare workers remains low. In Europe, alcoholic hand disinfection is first choice, but there exists a limited user acceptability due to estimated adverse effects on skin condition...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00817.x
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The presence of hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]), which is carcinogenic to humans and a dermal sensitizer, in tattoo inks may represent a serious health concern. The level of this impurity is limited to 0.2 mg/kg in tattoo inks by the European Resolution ResAP(2008)1. OBJECTIVES:To analyse 29 tattoo inks, produ...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.13051
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reviews on irritant and allergic airborne contact dermatitis have been previously reported in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Here, we present an update based on recently published airborne-induced skin reactions. For this survey, we screened the journals Contact Dermatitis, Dermatitis, and included r...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/cod.12022
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the frequency of irritant contact dermatitis, very little is known about the duration of barrier function impairment following cumulative irritant contact dermatitis. We studied post-irritation irritant reactivity by assessing the response to SLS irritation in previously irritated sites. Cumulative irritant co...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00725.x
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Thiurams and dithiocarbamates are structurally related sensitizing rubber accelerators. OBJECTIVES:To study patterns of simultaneous patch test reactions to thiurams and dithiocarbamates at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in 1991-2015. METHODS:We searched the patch test files for patients with...
journal_title:Contact dermatitis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cod.12687
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00