Chemical analysis of monomers in epoxy resins based on bisphenols F and A.

Abstract:

:Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is the monomer and most important contact allergen in epoxy resin(s) based on bisphenol A (DGEBA-R). Both thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are available for the analysis of products containing DGEBA-R. With respect to detection and quantification, epoxy resins of the bisphenol F-type, i.e. epoxy resins containing the isomers of diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol F (DGEBF), are not as well investigated as DGEBA-R. The isomers of DGEBF are p,p'-DGEBF, o,p'-DGEBF and o,o'-DGEBF. Both p,p'-DGEBF and o,p'-DGEBF have been shown to be contact allergens in humans, and all 3 isomers are sensitizers in the guinea pig maximization test. We aimed (i). to develop HPLC methods for separation and purification of the individual DGEBF isomers, (ii). to detect and quantify the DGEBF isomers in epoxy resins of the bisphenol F-type and (iii). to evaluate and develop the TLC as a method for the detection of the DGEBF monomers. We found the total content of the DGEBF isomers in the investigated epoxy resins of the bisphenol F-type to vary from 17.0 to 81.7% w/w. Some of them also contained 0.1-2.4% w/w DGEBA. The HPLC method showed a sensitivity that was 2000-20 000x higher than that obtained with the TLC method for the DGEBF monomers. We concluded that the range of the DGEBF isomer content in epoxy resins of the bisphenol F-type is approximately the same as the monomer content in liquid compared to solid DGEBA-R. The relevance of contact allergy to DGEBA-R can remain unrecognized if the suspected product is an epoxy resin of the bisphenol F-type, which is analysed with the TLC method.

journal_name

Contact Dermatitis

journal_title

Contact dermatitis

authors

Pontén A,Zimerson E,Sörensen O,Bruze M

doi

10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00319.x

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-05-01 00:00:00

pages

289-97

issue

5

eissn

0105-1873

issn

1600-0536

pii

COD319

journal_volume

50

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Late skin reaction to iodixanol (Visipaque): clinical manifestations, patch test study, and histopathological evaluation.

    abstract::Late reactions to iodinated contrast media are frequent. Cutaneous manifestations are the commonest, in which maculopapular exanthema, a type of cutaneous presentation, is widespread. Controversy exists about the utility of the skin test in the management of these reactions. The aim of this study is to analyse the cli...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.00957.x

    authors: Delgado-Jimenez Y,Perez-Gala S,Aragüés M,Sanchez-Perez J,Garcia-Diez A

    更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00

  • Occupational dermatoses in a metalworking plant.

    abstract::In a plant producing advanced components for engines and drivelines we undertook a survey of occupational dermatoses, based on a questionnaire, clinical examination, and patch testing with a standard series and a series of samples from the working environment. The questionnaire was given to all 430 employees and it wa...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.480205.x

    authors: Gruvberger B,Isaksson M,Frick M,Pontén A,Bruze M

    更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00

  • Skin irritant reactivity following experimental cumulative irritant contact dermatitis.

    abstract::Despite the frequency of irritant contact dermatitis, very little is known about the duration of barrier function impairment following cumulative irritant contact dermatitis. We studied post-irritation irritant reactivity by assessing the response to SLS irritation in previously irritated sites. Cumulative irritant co...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00725.x

    authors: Widmer J,Elsner P,Burg G

    更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00

  • Contact sensitivity in adults with atopic dermatitis in childhood.

    abstract::2 groups of patients were patch tested with a standard series of allergens. 1 group of 159 individuals aged 24-44 years had a history of severe atopic dermatitis, and the other group of 130 individuals in the same age range, had had moderate atopic dermatitis in childhood. In group 1, positive reactions were recorded ...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1985.tb02483.x

    authors: Rystedt I

    更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00

  • Outcome of a second patch test reading of TRUE Tests® on D6/7.

    abstract::Background. Two readings of patch test reactions are recommended. Objectives. To evaluate the outcome of a second patch test reading of TRUE Test® allergens on D6/7 in relation to negative or doubtful reactions on D3/4. Methods. This was a retrospective investigation of patch test data from January 1992 to October 201...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/cod.12004

    authors: Madsen JT,Andersen KE

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • Contact allergy to lanolin: temporal changes in prevalence and association with atopic dermatitis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Lanolin has been tested as lanolin alcohols (30% pet.) in baseline patch test series since 1969, and this has shown clinically relevant allergic contact dermatitis cases. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the temporal development of lanolin allergy (i.e. positive reaction to lanolin alcohols and/or Amerchol™ L-101)...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/cod.12872

    authors: Fransen M,Overgaard LEK,Johansen JD,Thyssen JP

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Characterization of the decomposition of compounds derived from imidazolidinyl urea in cosmetics and patch test materials.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Imidazolidinyl urea releases formaldehyde through decomposition. However, there have been few reports on the chemistry of imidazolidinyl urea in cosmetics. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to characterize imidazolidinyl urea-derived compounds in cosmetics and to determine which compounds are responsible...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02073.x

    authors: Doi T,Takeda A,Asada A,Kajimura K

    更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00

  • Efficacy of skin barrier creams (II). Ineffectiveness of a popular "skin protector" against various irritants in the repetitive irritation test in the guinea pig.

    abstract::A popular "skin protector" consisting of an emulsion-like foam of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances (Marly skin) was evaluated in a previously described repetitive irritation guinea pig model. The product failed to inhibit the irritation due to sodium lauryl sulphate and toluene. In striking contrast to the recomm...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03486.x

    authors: Frosch PJ,Schulze-Dirks A,Hoffmann M,Axthelm I

    更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00

  • Natural ingredients based cosmetics. Content of selected fragrance sensitizers.

    abstract::In the present study, we have investigated 42 cosmetic products based on natural ingredients for content of 11 fragrance substances: geraniol, hydroxycitronellal, eugenol, isoeugenol, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, alpha-amylcinnamic aldehyde, citral, coumarin, dihydrocoumarin and alpha-hexylcinnamic aldehyde. T...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02246.x

    authors: Rastogi SC,Johansen JD,Menné T

    更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00

  • Positive nickel patch tests do not intensify positive reactions to adjacent patch tests with dichromate. Results from a double-blind multicentre study of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (Deutsche Kontaktallergie-Gruppe, DKG).

    abstract::The possible interference of neighbouring allergic patch-test reactions is still an open question. In this study, we investigated whether there is a distance-related mutual modification of neighbouring allergic patch-test reactions to nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate. We used a double-blind multicentre study de...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.043003144.x

    authors: Brasch J,Kreilgård B,Henseler T,Aberer W,Fuchs T,Pflüger R,Hoeck U,Gefeller O

    更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00

  • Investigation of contact allergy to dental metals in 206 patients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Contact allergy to dental materials is poorly understood; clinical manifestations are heterogeneous. OBJECTIVE:To analyse positive patch test reactions to metals (as their alloys or salts) used in dentistry together with clinical symptoms and possible relevance to dental fillings. METHODS:We retrospectivel...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01524.x

    authors: Raap U,Stiesch M,Reh H,Kapp A,Werfel T

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • Biochemical and clinical studies in a case of contact urticaria to potato.

    abstract::Contact urticaria to potato was confirmed by skin testing in a 26-year-old male with atopic dermatitis, birch-pollen rhinoconjunctivitis and a history of immediate finger itching upon handling raw potato. The potato peel was non-reactive. The urticarial reactivity to potato could be transferred by the patient's serum ...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04315.x

    authors: Larkò O,Lindstedt G,Lundberg PA,Mobacken H

    更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00

  • Occupational airborne contact dermatitis caused by thyme dust.

    abstract::The aim of the study was to assess occupational hazards to the farmer's skin associated with processing thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). 46 farmers were studied during the threshing of dried thyme. They were questioned about work-related skin problems and examined before and after work. In all persons, serum thyme-specific...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.044004235.x

    authors: Spiewak R,Skorska C,Dutkiewicz J

    更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00

  • Patch test reactions in atopic patients.

    abstract::Patch testing was carried out in 851 atopic patients; 181 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients were additionally tested with 50% dilutions of the test substances. The occurrence of allergic and irritant reactions was frequent, being 57% and 33% for AD patients aged 28-41 years and 19-27 years, respectively. Among age-match...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00235.x

    authors: Lammintausta K,Kalimo K,Fagerlund VL

    更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00

  • Cross-reactivity between sensitivity to thimerosal and photosensitivity to piroxicam in guinea pigs.

    abstract::Piroxicam (PXM) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which may induce a photosensitive eruption shortly after administration. We examined whether animals sensitized to thimerosal developed a photosensitivity to PXM. Male Hartley strain guinea pigs were sensitized to thimerosal, thiosalicylate and PXM separately. T...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01769.x

    authors: Kitamura K,Osawa J,Ikezawa Z,Nakajima H

    更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00

  • Heat treatment of Japanese lacquerware renders it hypoallergenic.

    abstract::Japanese lacquer is made from the sap of the Japanese lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum), a member of the Anacardiacae plant family. Objects painted with this material are described collectively as lacquerware. Both fresh lacquer and lacquerware may evoke allergic contact reactions ascribable to the urushiols c...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb03254.x

    authors: Kawai K,Nakagawa M,Kawai K,Miyakoshi T,Miyashita K,Asami T

    更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00

  • Chromium allergy: significance of both Cr(III) and Cr(VI).

    abstract::Most studies investigating chromium allergy have been performed with Cr(VI). However, real exposure to chromium from leather products includes both Cr(III) and Cr(VI). We have determined and compared the minimum elicitation threshold (MET) concentration for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in Cr(VI)-sensitive patients. In addition,...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.0230.x

    authors: Hansen MB,Johansen JD,Menné T

    更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00

  • Immediate and delayed allergic hypersensitivity to corticosteroids: practical guidelines.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Corticosteroids (CS), anti-inflammatory drugs also widely used to treat various allergic diseases, may themselves give rise to immediate and delayed allergic hypersensitivity reactions. OBJECTIVES:To realise an appropriate diagnostic work-up in order to determine the CS-allergic patient's sensitization/tole...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01967.x

    authors: Baeck M,Goossens A

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Decreasing trends in methyldibromo glutaronitrile contact allergy--following regulatory intervention.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The preservative methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN) has been banned, first from stay-on, and later from rinse-off cosmetics, in the EU countries because of increasing rates of contact allergy. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the frequency of contact allergy to MDBGN among patients patch tested by the Danish Contac...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01364.x

    authors: Johansen JD,Veien N,Laurberg G,Avnstorp C,Kaaber K,Andersen KE,Paulsen E,Sommerlund M,Thormann J,Nielsen NH,Vissing S,Kristensen O,Kristensen B,Agner T,Menné T

    更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00

  • Optimization of the mouse ear swelling test for in vivo and in vitro studies of weak contact sensitizers.

    abstract::Murine models for the assessment of the contact sensitizing properties of chemicals rely on mouse ear swelling tests (Mest), which are not sensitive enough to detect weak sensitizers. The aim of the present study was to develop in mice an adjuvant-free Mest appropriate for in vivo detection of any type of sensitizer (...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00650.x

    authors: Garrigue JL,Nicolas JF,Fraginals R,Benezra C,Bour H,Schmitt D

    更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00

  • Lichenoid photocontact dermatitis to musk ambrette.

    abstract::A patient is described with a pigmentary dermatitis of the face with histological features of a lichenoid reaction, which proved to be a photocontact dermatitis to musk ambrette. Photopatch tests produced a pigmented dermatitis that reflected the clinical and histological features of a lichenoid reaction, which occurr...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb01406.x

    authors: Parodi G,Guarrera M,Rebora A

    更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00

  • Age distribution of the incidence of contact sensitivity to standard allergens.

    abstract::The incidence of contact sensitivity to standard allergens present in the daily environment, such as chromium ion, cobalt, nickel and formaldehyde, is found to decrease in the fourth decade. It strongly suggests the presence of some immunoregulation in human beings, because sensitivity to these allergens should be equ...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1979.tb04910.x

    authors: Sugai T,Takagi T,Yamamoto S,Takahashi Y

    更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00

  • Sickness absence due to occupational dermatoses in a prefabrication construction factory.

    abstract::In a study of sickness absence due to occupational dermatoses among 360 construction workers in a prefabrication construction factory in 1984, we found 3 workers with allergic contact dermatitis from chromate in cement who required medical leave. There were 5 sickness absence spells due to occupational dermatoses and ...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01257.x

    authors: Goh CL

    更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00

  • The incidence of cutting fluid dermatitis among metalworkers in a metal fabrication factory: a prospective study.

    abstract::We compared the incidence of occupational dermatitis and transepidermal water vapour loss (TEWL) changes from cutting fluids (neat mineral oils) in 24 new machinists with 27 armed forces paramedics (controls) over a 6-month period. The cumulative incidence of occupational dermatitis in positive controls increased from...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb01929.x

    authors: Goh CL,Gan SL

    更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00

  • Occupational contact urticaria and protein contact dermatitis: causes and concomitant airway diseases.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Contact urticaria (CU) and protein contact dermatitis (PCD) are mainly induced by an immediate, IgE-mediated immunological mechanism. Immediate sensitization is also linked to asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVES:To report causes of work-induced CU and PCD, and to evaluate the occurrence of concomita...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/cod.12856

    authors: Helaskoski E,Suojalehto H,Kuuliala O,Aalto-Korte K

    更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00

  • Chronic irritant contact dermatitis: recovery time in man.

    abstract::Chronic irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a common skin disease, especially in the workplace, but determining the recovery time of chronic ICD is not easy. To measure the recovery time of chronic ICD, we examined the skin reactivity to a model surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), on previous chronic ICD and nor...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.042005264.x

    authors: Choi JM,Lee JY,Cho BK

    更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00

  • Primin sensitization in north-eastern Italy: a temporal trend from 1996 to 2012.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Primin is the main contact allergen found in the ornamental plant Primula obconica Hance. OBJECTIVE:To analyse the temporal trend of sensitivity to primin in north-eastern Italy and to evaluate the associations with occupations in our geographical area. METHODOLOGY:From 1996 to 2012, 24 052 consecutive pat...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/cod.12385

    authors: Bongiorni L,Prodi A,Rui F,Belloni Fortina A,Corradin MT,Larese Filon F

    更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00

  • The vulvar epithelium differs from the skin: implications for cutaneous testing to address topical vulvar exposures.

    abstract::Vulvar tissue is more permeable than exposed skin due to differences in structure, occlusion, hydration and susceptibility to friction. The safety assessment of products that contact the vulva should account for this potentially heightened permeability. Standard clinical patch tests may not sufficiently mimic vulvar e...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00444.x

    authors: Farage M,Maibach HI

    更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00

  • Corticosteroid or steroid allergy?

    abstract::The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the C11-OH substituent of the corticosteroid molecule in relation to contact allergy to corticosteroids. This group, which is essential for glucocorticoid activity, is not present in other steroid molecules, such as deoxycortisol, progestagens, testosterone, and estro...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00286.x

    authors: Schoenmakers A,Vermorken A,Degreef H,Dooms-Goossens A

    更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of biophysical and clinical parameters of skin barrier function among hospital workers.

    abstract::The goal of this study was to evaluate biophysically and clinically the hand skin of nurses working in the operating room in comparison with the hand skin of a control group of female administrative employees. 19 nurses and 14 employees were included in this trial. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum ...

    journal_title:Contact dermatitis

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460406.x

    authors: Hachem JP,De Paepe K,Sterckx G,Kaufman L,Rogiers V,Roseeuw D

    更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00