A transcriptional function for the repetitive ribosomal spacer in Xenopus laevis.

abstract：:The direct functionalization of unactivated sp(3) C-H bonds is still one of the most challenging problems facing synthetic organic chemists. The appeal of such transformations derives from their capacity to facilitate the construction of complex organic molecules via the coupling of simple and otherwise inert building...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cuthbertson JD,MacMillan DW

更新日期：2015-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:One goal of regenerative medicine, to use stem cells to replace cells lost by injury or disease, depends on producing an excess of the relevant cell for study or transplantation. To this end, the stepwise differentiation of stem cells into specialized derivatives has been successful for some cell types, but a major pr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sneddon JB,Borowiak M,Melton DA

更新日期：2012-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Slower recovery from perturbations near a tipping point and its indirect signatures in fluctuation patterns have been suggested to foreshadow catastrophes in a wide variety of systems. Recent studies of populations in the field and in the laboratory have used time-series data to confirm some of the theoretically predi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dai L,Korolev KS,Gore J

更新日期：2013-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:During the fission yeast cell cycle, the rate of polyadenylated messenger RNA synthesis doubles when the cell reaches a critical size. This size-related control maintains average mRNA content in balance with total cell mass during exponential growth, even in cells growing at different absolute growth rates per cell. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fraser RS,Nurse P

更新日期：1978-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a result of complex gene-environment interactions, and several risk factors have been identified, including age, family history, diet, sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Statistical models that combine known risk factors for T2D can partly identify individuals at high risk of developing the dise...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Karlsson FH,Tremaroli V,Nookaew I,Bergström G,Behre CJ,Fagerberg B,Nielsen J,Bäckhed F

更新日期：2013-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Stereopsis is the perception of depth based on small positional differences between images formed on the two retinae (known as binocular disparity). Neurons that respond selectively to binocular disparity were first described three decades ago, and have since been observed in many visual areas of the primate brain, in...

journal_title：Nature

authors： DeAngelis GC,Cumming BG,Newsome WT

更新日期：1998-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Chondrules and Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) are high-temperature components of meteorites that formed during transient heating events in the early Solar System. A major unresolved issue is the relative timing of CAI and chondrule formation. From the presence of chondrule fragments in an igneous CAI, it was concluded t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krot AN,Yurimoto H,Hutcheon ID,MacPherson GJ

更新日期：2005-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomes from all of the crucial bacterial pathogens of humans, plants and animals have now been sequenced, as have genomes from many of the important commensal, symbiotic and environmental microorganisms. Analysis of these sequences has revealed the forces that shape pathogen evolution and has brought to light unexpec...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pallen MJ,Wren BW

更新日期：2007-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:B lymphocytes originate from pluripotential haematopoietic stem cells and differentiate into immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing cells. B-cell lineage differentiation is accompanied by two types of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements--rearrangement of V, D and J gene segments to create a functional V gene and rearrangement o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sugiyama H,Akira S,Kikutani H,Kishimoto S,Yamamura Y,Kishimoto T

更新日期：1983-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The rarity and inaccessibility of the earliest primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the mouse embryo thwart efforts to investigate molecular mechanisms of germ-cell specification. stella (also called Dppa3) marks the rare founder population of the germ lineage. Here we differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells carrying a st...

journal_title：Nature

authors： West JA,Viswanathan SR,Yabuuchi A,Cunniff K,Takeuchi A,Park IH,Sero JE,Zhu H,Perez-Atayde A,Frazier AL,Surani MA,Daley GQ

更新日期：2009-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Two cytosolic fractions (A and B) from Xenopus oocytes are sufficient to support protein import into the nuclei of digitonin-permeabilized cells. Fraction A recognizes the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and binds the import substrate to the nuclear envelope, whereas fraction B mediates the subsequent passage of t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moore MS,Blobel G

更新日期：1993-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:About one-third of the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity has been absorbed by the oceans, where it partitions into the constituent ions of carbonic acid. This leads to ocean acidification, one of the major threats to marine ecosystems and particularly to calcifying organ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Beaufort L,Probert I,de Garidel-Thoron T,Bendif EM,Ruiz-Pino D,Metzl N,Goyet C,Buchet N,Coupel P,Grelaud M,Rost B,Rickaby RE,de Vargas C

更新日期：2011-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Sea ice and dust flux increased greatly in the Southern Ocean during the last glacial period. Palaeorecords provide contradictory evidence about marine productivity in this region, but beyond one glacial cycle, data were sparse. Here we present continuous chemical proxy data spanning the last eight glacial cycles (740...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wolff EW,Fischer H,Fundel F,Ruth U,Twarloh B,Littot GC,Mulvaney R,Röthlisberger R,de Angelis M,Boutron CF,Hansson M,Jonsell U,Hutterli MA,Lambert F,Kaufmann P,Stauffer B,Stocker TF,Steffensen JP,Bigler M,Siggaard-An

更新日期：2006-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to pattern surfaces on a microscopic length scale is of importance for technological applications such as the fabrication of microelectronic circuits and digital storage media. Devices fabricated entirely from polymers are now available, opening up the possibility of adapting polymer processing technologie...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Higgins AM,Jones RA

更新日期：2000-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite decades of research, the identity of the cells generating the first haematopoietic cells in mammalian embryos is unknown. Indeed, whether blood cells arise from mesodermal cells, mesenchymal progenitors, bipotent endothelial-haematopoietic precursors or haemogenic endothelial cells remains controversial. Proxi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Eilken HM,Nishikawa S,Schroeder T

更新日期：2009-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about virus-host cell interactions that regulate the lytic potential of viruses during productive replication. Sindbis virus (SV), a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus in the alphavirus genus (family Togaviridae), results in lytic infection in most vertebrate cell lines, but persistent productive...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Levine B,Huang Q,Isaacs JT,Reed JC,Griffin DE,Hardwick JM

更新日期：1993-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Large-scale systematic sequencing has generally depended on the availability of an ordered library of large-insert bacterial or viral genomic clones for the organism under study. The generation of these large insert libraries, and the location of each clone on a genome map, is a laborious and time-consuming process. I...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Churcher C,Bowman S,Badcock K,Bankier A,Brown D,Chillingworth T,Connor R,Devlin K,Gentles S,Hamlin N,Harris D,Horsnell T,Hunt S,Jagels K,Jones M,Lye G,Moule S,Odell C,Pearson D,Rajandream M,Rice P,Rowley N,Ske

更新日期：1997-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have great promise as agents for the specific manipulation of gene expression. Until recently, nonspecific effects of ODNs often confounded the interpretation of antisense studies. Improvements in ODN chemistry and cellular delivery techniques now allow for more potent and specif...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wagner RW

更新日期：1994-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a newly identified nucleotide which can release calcium from a variety of cells, suggesting it is a messenger for mobilizing internal Ca2+ stores. Its cyclic structure has now been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Available results are consistent with it being a modulator of Ca(2+)-indu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lee HC,Aarhus R,Graeff R,Gurnack ME,Walseth TF

更新日期：1994-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The fossil record of the living great apes is poor. New fossils from undocumented areas, particularly the equatorial forested habitats of extant hominoids, are therefore crucial for understanding their origins and evolution. Two main competing hypotheses have been proposed for orang-utan origins: dental similarities s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chaimanee Y,Suteethorn V,Jintasakul P,Vidthayanon C,Marandat B,Jaeger JJ

更新日期：2004-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The maternal messenger RNA An3 was originally identified localized to the animal hemisphere of Xenopus laevis oocytes, eggs and early embryos. Xenopus embryos depend on mRNA and protein present in the egg before fertilization (maternal molecules) to provide the information needed for early development. Localization of...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gururajan R,Perry-O'Keefe H,Melton DA,Weeks DL

更新日期：1991-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of what is known about the evolution of deinonychosaurs (that is, the group of theropods most closely related to birds) is based on discoveries from North America and Asia. Except for Unenlagia comahuensis and some fragmentary remains from northern Africa, no other evidence was available on deinonychosaurian dive...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Novas FE,Pol D

更新日期：2005-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:When a person walks through a rigid environment while holding eyes and head fixed, the pattern of retinal motion flows radially away from a point, the focus of expansion (Fig. 1a). Under such conditions of translation, heading corresponds to the focus of expansion and people identify it readily. But when making an eye...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Royden CS,Banks MS,Crowell JA

更新日期：1992-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical development of an inhibitor of cellular proteasome function suggests that compounds targeting other components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system might prove useful for the treatment of human malignancies. NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) is an essential component of the NEDD8 conjugation pathway that contro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Soucy TA,Smith PG,Milhollen MA,Berger AJ,Gavin JM,Adhikari S,Brownell JE,Burke KE,Cardin DP,Critchley S,Cullis CA,Doucette A,Garnsey JJ,Gaulin JL,Gershman RE,Lublinsky AR,McDonald A,Mizutani H,Narayanan U,Olhava EJ

更新日期：2009-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Extinction from habitat loss is the signature conservation problem of the twenty-first century. Despite its importance, estimating extinction rates is still highly uncertain because no proven direct methods or reliable data exist for verifying extinctions. The most widely used indirect method is to estimate extinction...

journal_title：Nature

authors： He F,Hubbell SP

更新日期：2011-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Excision of introns from nuclear precursors to messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) by the spliceosome requires two distinct phosphodiester transfer (transesterification) reactions: exchange of a 3'-5' for a 2'-5' bond in the first step (lariat formation) and exchange of one 3'-5' phosphodiester for another in the second step (...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moore MJ,Sharp PA

更新日期：1993-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Zika virus (ZIKV) remained obscure until the recent explosive outbreaks in French Polynesia (2013-2014) and South America (2015-2016). Phylogenetic studies have shown that ZIKV has evolved into African and Asian lineages. The Asian lineage of ZIKV was responsible for the recent epidemics in the Americas. However, the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Liu Y,Liu J,Du S,Shan C,Nie K,Zhang R,Li XF,Zhang R,Wang T,Qin CF,Wang P,Shi PY,Cheng G

更新日期：2017-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The massive health problem associated with cigarette smoking is exacerbated by the addictive properties of tobacco smoke and the limited success of current approaches to cessation of smoking. Yet little is known about the neuropharmacological actions of cigarette smoke that contribute to smoking behaviour, or why smok...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fowler JS,Volkow ND,Wang GJ,Pappas N,Logan J,MacGregor R,Alexoff D,Shea C,Schlyer D,Wolf AP,Warner D,Zezulkova I,Cilento R

更新日期：1996-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the biochemical or functional nature of the proteins encoded by the bcl-2 gene, which undergoes chromosomal translocation in approximately 85% of follicular lymphoma, 20% of diffuse large cell lymphoma and 10% of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of B cells. Translocation of bcl-2 sequences from chro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Haldar S,Beatty C,Tsujimoto Y,Croce CM

更新日期：1989-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of death worldwide and is characterized by extensive fibrosis. There are currently no effective antifibrotic therapies available. To obtain a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis and enable the discovery of therapeutic targets, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ramachandran P,Dobie R,Wilson-Kanamori JR,Dora EF,Henderson BEP,Luu NT,Portman JR,Matchett KP,Brice M,Marwick JA,Taylor RS,Efremova M,Vento-Tormo R,Carragher NO,Kendall TJ,Fallowfield JA,Harrison EM,Mole DJ,Wigmore SJ

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00