Abstract：
:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a result of complex gene-environment interactions, and several risk factors have been identified, including age, family history, diet, sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Statistical models that combine known risk factors for T2D can partly identify individuals at high risk of developing the disease. However, these studies have so far indicated that human genetics contributes little to the models, whereas socio-demographic and environmental factors have greater influence. Recent evidence suggests the importance of the gut microbiota as an environmental factor, and an altered gut microbiota has been linked to metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here we use shotgun sequencing to characterize the faecal metagenome of 145 European women with normal, impaired or diabetic glucose control. We observe compositional and functional alterations in the metagenomes of women with T2D, and develop a mathematical model based on metagenomic profiles that identified T2D with high accuracy. We applied this model to women with impaired glucose tolerance, and show that it can identify women who have a diabetes-like metabolism. Furthermore, glucose control and medication were unlikely to have major confounding effects. We also applied our model to a recently described Chinese cohort and show that the discriminant metagenomic markers for T2D differ between the European and Chinese cohorts. Therefore, metagenomic predictive tools for T2D should be specific for the age and geographical location of the populations studied.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Karlsson FH,Tremaroli V,Nookaew I,Bergström G,Behre CJ,Fagerberg B,Nielsen J,Bäckhed Fdoi
10.1038/nature12198subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-06 00:00:00pages
99-103issue
7452eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature12198journal_volume
498pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:The growth cycle in nutrient-rich, aquatic environments starts with a diatom bloom that ends in mass sinking of ungrazed cells and phytodetritus. The low grazing pressure on these blooms has been attributed to the inability of overwintering copepod populations to track them temporally. We tested an alternative explana...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02526
更新日期：2004-05-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Ferroelectrics have recently attracted attention as a candidate class of materials for use in photovoltaic devices, and for the coupling of light absorption with other functional properties. In these materials, the strong inversion symmetry breaking that is due to spontaneous electric polarization promotes the desirab...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12622
更新日期：2013-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Homeostatic mechanisms in mammals respond to hormones and nutrients to maintain blood glucose levels within a narrow range. Caloric restriction causes many changes in glucose metabolism and extends lifespan; however, how this metabolism is connected to the ageing process is largely unknown. We show here that the Sir2 ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03354
更新日期：2005-03-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroprotectant strategies that have worked in rodent models of stroke have failed to provide protection in clinical trials. Here we show that the opposite circadian cycles in nocturnal rodents versus diurnal humans1,2 may contribute to this failure in translation. We tested three independent neuroprotective approache...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-2348-z
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At early stages of the mammalian visual cortex, neurons with similar stimulus selectivities are vertically arrayed through the thickness of the cortical sheet and clustered in patches or bands across the surface. This organization, referred to as a 'column', has been found with respect to one-dimensional stimulus para...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/360343a0
更新日期：1992-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:A single U leads to G transversion in the 3' consensus sequence AAUAAA of the adenovirus early region 1A gene was constructed and the effect of this mutation on processing of the 3' end of the nuclear early region 1A RNAs was analysed. The results demonstrate that the intact AAUAAA is not required for RNA polyadenylat...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/305600a0
更新日期：1983-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet has shown increasing trends in areal extent and duration since the beginning of the satellite era. Records for melt were broken in 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2012. Much of the increased surface melt is occurring in the percolation zone, a region of the accumulation area that is perenn...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11566
更新日期：2012-11-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Sleep is one of the few major whole-organ phenomena for which no function and no underlying mechanism have been conclusively demonstrated. Sleep could result from global changes in the brain during wakefulness or it could be regulated by specific loci that recruit the rest of the brain into the electrical and metaboli...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04811
更新日期：2006-06-08 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0796-5
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The properties of synapses between retinal neurons make an essential contribution to early visual processing. Light produces a graded hyperpolarization in photoreceptors, up to 25 mV in amplitude, and it is conventionally assumed that all of this response range is available for coding visual information. We report her...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/328522a0
更新日期：1987-08-06 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/d41586-019-00219-5
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian microbiome has many important roles in health and disease, and genetic engineering is enabling the development of microbial therapeutics and diagnostics. A key determinant of the activity of both natural and engineered microorganisms in vivo is their location within the host organism. However, existing m...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature25021
更新日期：2018-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Patchwork homology observed between divergent members of polymorphic multigene families is thought to reflect evolution by short-tract gene conversion (nonreciprocal recombination), although this mechanism cannot usually be confirmed in higher organisms. In contrast to meiotic conversions observed in laboratory yeast ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/347192a0
更新日期：1990-09-13 00:00:00
abstract：:A paramutation is an epigenetic interaction between two alleles of a locus, through which one allele induces a heritable modification in the other allele without modifying the DNA sequence. The paramutated allele itself becomes paramutagenic, that is, capable of epigenetically converting a new paramutable allele. Here...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11416
更新日期：2012-10-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The thymus is the major, if not the sole site of maturation of T lymphocytes from their haematopoietic precursors. During embryonic life (at a few well-defined intervals, at least in birds) the thymus receives thymus-homing haematopoietic precursors that give rise to antigen-specific functional T lymphocytes. Although...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/309629a0
更新日期：1984-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent work has identified a neuron with widespread projections to odour processing regions of the honeybee brain whose activity represents the reward value of gustatory stimuli. We have constructed a model of bee foraging in uncertain environments based on this type of neuron and a predictive form of hebbian synaptic...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/377725a0
更新日期：1995-10-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Our current understanding of immunology was largely defined in laboratory mice, partly because they are inbred and genetically homogeneous, can be genetically manipulated, allow kinetic tissue analyses to be carried out from the onset of disease, and permit the use of tractable disease models. Comparably reductionist ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature17655
更新日期：2016-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Following the introduction of hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs) gases as replacements for the ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), it has been discovered that HCFCs/HFCs can degrade in the atmosphere to produce trifluoroacetic acid, a compound with no known loss mechanisms in the env...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35085548
更新日期：2001-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are cell-surface molecules that transduce signals for cell growth and differentiation. The RTK encoded by the c-ret proto-oncogene is rearranged and constitutively activated in a large proportion of thyroid papillary carcinomas, and germ-line point mutations in c-ret seem to be respons...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/367380a0
更新日期：1994-01-27 00:00:00
abstract：:We have followed individual ribosomes as they translate single messenger RNA hairpins tethered by the ends to optical tweezers. Here we reveal that translation occurs through successive translocation--and-pause cycles. The distribution of pause lengths, with a median of 2.8 s, indicates that at least two rate-determin...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06716
更新日期：2008-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Jets of highly energized plasma with relativistic velocities are associated with black holes ranging in mass from a few times that of the Sun to the billion-solar-mass black holes at the centres of galaxies. A popular but unconfirmed hypothesis to explain how the plasma is energized is the 'internal shock model', in w...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature14481
更新日期：2015-05-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Mycorrhizae, the symbiotic associations of plant roots and fungal hyphae, are classic examples of mutualisms. In these ecologically important associations, the fungi derive photosynthetic sugars from their plant hosts, which in turn benefit from fungus-mediated uptake of mineral nutrients. Early views on the evolution...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35035065
更新日期：2000-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The factors shaping cometary nuclei are still largely unknown, but could be the result of concurrent effects of evolutionary and primordial processes. The peculiar bilobed shape of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko may be the result of the fusion of two objects that were once separate or the result of a localized excava...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature15511
更新日期：2015-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The analysis of mutations affecting flower structure has led to the identification of some of the genes that direct flower development. Cloning of these genes has allowed the formulation of molecular models of how floral meristem and organ identity may be specified, and has shown that the distantly related flowering p...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/353031a0
更新日期：1991-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Group I and II introns are mobile elements that propagate by insertion into different genes. Some introns of both types self-splice in vitro by transesterification reactions catalysed by the intron RNA. These transesterifications are reversible, and it has been suggested that reverse splicing followed by reverse trans...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/354164a0
更新日期：1991-11-14 00:00:00
abstract：:To understand the mechanism of muscular contraction and its regulation by Ca2+ (ref. 3), it is important to know the arrangement and configuration of the myosin heads in the space between thin and thick filaments in relaxed muscle. This information is still lacking, mainly because the myosin reflections in the X-ray d...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/302069a0
更新日期：1983-03-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The factors driving glacial changes in ocean overturning circulation are not well understood. On the basis of a comparison of 20 climate variables over the past four glacial cycles, the SPECMAP project proposed that summer insolation at high northern latitudes (that is, Milankovitch forcing) drives the same sequence o...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07425
更新日期：2008-11-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Devices that convert information from one form into another according to a definite procedure are known as automata. One such hypothetical device is the universal Turing machine, which stimulated work leading to the development of modern computers. The Turing machine and its special cases, including finite automata, o...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35106533
更新日期：2001-11-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The conventional treatment of dental caries involves mechanical removal of the affected part and filling of the hole with a resin or metal alloy. But this method is not ideal for tiny early lesions because a disproportionate amount of healthy tooth must be removed to make the alloy or resin stick. Here we describe a d...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/433819a
更新日期：2005-02-24 00:00:00
abstract：:How black holes accrete surrounding matter is a fundamental yet unsolved question in astrophysics. It is generally believed that matter is absorbed into black holes via accretion disks, the state of which depends primarily on the mass-accretion rate. When this rate approaches the critical rate (the Eddington limit), t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature16452
更新日期：2016-01-07 00:00:00
